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Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

phenelzine

A

blocks monoamine oxidase from breaking down neurotransmitters

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2
Q

imipramine

A

inhibits reuptake of serotonin and NE

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3
Q

fluoxetine

A

inhibits reuptake of serotonin

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4
Q

venlafaxine

A

inhibits reuptake of serotonin and NE

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5
Q

duloxetine

A

inhibits reuptake of serotonin and NE

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6
Q

bupropion

A

not well understood
thought to be dopaminergic

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7
Q

haloperidol

A

depresses the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, and limbic systems

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8
Q

aripiprazole

A

partial dopamine agonist

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9
Q

risperidone

A

blocks dopamine receptors

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10
Q

quetiapine

A

antagonizes dopamine and serotonin receptors in the brain

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11
Q

ziprasidone

A

antagonizes serotonin and dopamine receptors

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12
Q

sildenafil

A

enhances nitric oxide-induced vasodilation in the penis and pulmonary system

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13
Q

finasteride

A

inhibits 5-alpha reductase which decreases testosterone production in the prostate gland

(this shrinks the size of the prostate and decreases mechanical obstruction of the urethra)

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14
Q

diphenhydramine

A

blocks H1 receptors

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15
Q

fexofenadine

A

blocks H1 receptors

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16
Q

fluticasone

A

decreases secretion of inflammatory markers

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17
Q

pseudoephedrine

A

causes vasoconstriction to relieve congestion

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18
Q

dextromethorphan

A

acts on the cough center in the medulla to elevate the cough threshold

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19
Q

guaifenesin

A

reduces viscosity of respiratory secretions

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20
Q

acetylcysteine

A

changes chemical structure of respiratory secretions
removes toxic acetaminophen metabolites

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21
Q

albuterol

A

relaxes smooth muscle to cause bronchodilation

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22
Q

ipratropium

A

blocks cholinergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle

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23
Q

beclomethasone

A

reduces inflammation and immune response

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24
Q

montelukast

A

blocks leukotriene receptors and decreases inflammation

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25
theophylline
directly dilates bronchi
26
penicillin and ampicillin
inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
27
cefazolin
inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
28
tetracycline
inhibits protein synthesis for bacteria
29
erythromycin
inhibits protein synthesis for bacteria
30
ciprofloxacin
inhibits bacterial DNA replication
31
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
interferes with the production of folic acid in bacteria
32
acyclovir
interferes with viral replication by mimicking viral enzymes
33
oseltamivir
inhibits neuraminidase, inhibiting replication of the virus (may also be called influenza A and B enzyme)
34
zidovudine
stops viral DNA replication by mimicking a nucleoside building block
35
efavirenz
blocks viral replication by binding to reverse transcriptase
36
lopinavir with ritonavir (each part has its own)
lopinavir prevents maturation of HIV ritonavir inhibits hepatic breakdown of lopinavir
37
furosemide
acts on the Loop of Henle to block to the reabsorption of Na+ (and water that follows)
38
hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
acts on the DCT to block the reabsorption of Na+ (and water that follows)
39
spironolactone
acts on the DCT and collecting duct, competing with aldosterone for receptor sites. Blocks the action of aldosterone, allowing Na+ and water to be excreted while retaining K+
40
fludrocortisone
mimics the same action as aldosterone promotes sodium and water reabsorption
41
nitroglycerin
forms nitric oxide which dissolves into smooth muscle, allowing the release of calcium ions inside, resulting in vasodilation
42
ACE inhibitors (lisinopril) and ARBs (losartan)
lower blood pressure and decrease blood volume (each blocks a component of RAAS)
43
diuretics
lower BP and decrease blood volume
44
vasodilators
decrease BP
45
atenolol
blocks B1 receptors (heart), slowing HR and reducing contractility
46
digoxin
inhibits the Na+/K+ pump in the heart, leading to increased sodium, indirectly leading to increased calcium, which strengthens cardiac contractility digoxin acts on cardiac myocytes and the electrical conduction system
47
milrinone
blocks the PDE-3 enzyme, which is responsible for breaking down cAMP, resulting in a calcium influx leading to greater contractility
48
metformin
suppresses haptic production of glucose
49
glyburide
increases insulin release increases insulin sensitivity
50
repaglinide
increases insulin release from beta cells
51
rosiglitazone
increases insulin sensitivity
52
semaglutide
mimicks/activates GLP-1 receptors to increase insulin secretion when glucose is high slows gastric emptying
53
levothyroxine
mimicks endogenous thyroid hormone activity
54
dorzolamide
decreases production of aqueous humor by interfering with the synthesis of carbonic anhydrase
55
apraclonidine
decreases aqueous humor production
56
pilocarpine
produces miosis (pupil constriction) for a better outflow of aqueous humor
57
timolol
decreases production of aqueous humor
58
latanoprost
reduced IOP by increasing outflow of aqueous humor
59
cyclobenzaprine
acts on the brain stem to relieve skeletal muscle spasms
60
dantrolene sodium
directly relaxes muscles by interfering with calcium ion exchange
61
baclofen
enhances GABA activity in order to suppress overactivity at the spinal cord
62
raloxifene
binds to estrogen receptors to block bone resorption
63
alendronate
inhibits bone resorption by osteoclasts
64
adalimumab
blocks normal inflammatory and immune responses
65
atorvastatin
inhibits enzymes needed for cholesterol production
66
clopidogrel
inhibits platelet aggregation
67
dabigatran
directly inhibits thrombin
68
heparin
enhances antithrombin-III blocks conversion of prothrombin to thrombin and fibrinogen to fibrin
69
warfarin
decreases synthesis of vitamin K clotting factors: 2 (II) 7 (VII) 9 (IX) 10 (X)

Pharm 2 (8 decks)

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