Exam 4: Units 6 and 7 Flashcards
1
Q
Class penicillin G potassium
A
penicillin
2
Q
MOA penicillin G potassium
A
bacterial cell wall inhibitor
3
Q
main AE with penicillin G potassium
A
anaphylaxis (most common is skin rash)
4
Q
pt should use caution with peniCILLIN if they have an allergy to
A
CEPHalosporin
(Ceph’s and Cillin’s are toxic together!)
5
Q
Class ampicillin
A
penicillin
6
Q
MOA ampicillin
A
bacterial cell wall inhibitor
7
Q
penicillin G potassium is ______ spectrum and ______
A
narrow spectrum
bactericidal
8
Q
ampicillin is ______ spectrum and ______
A
broad spectrum
bactericidal
9
Q
anaphylaxis is _____ with ampicillin
A
RARE with ampicillin, but potentially fatal
10
Q
2 most common side effects with ampicillin
A
Rash
Diarrhea
11
Q
pt should use caution with ampiCILLIN if they have an allergy to
A
CEPHalosporins
(Ceph’s and Cillin’s are toxic together!!)
12
Q
class cefazolin
A
cephalosporin
13
Q
MOA cefazolin
A
bacterial cell wall inhibitor
14
Q
cefazolin is ______ spectrum and _____
A
broad spectrum
bactericidal
15
Q
pt should use caution with cefazolin if they have allergy/hypersensitivity to
A
penicillins
16
Q
class tetracycline
A
tetracycline
17
Q
MOA tetracycline
A
bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor
18
Q
tetracycline is ______ spectrum and ______
A
very broad spectrum
bacteriostatic
19
Q
tetracycline may cause this in the teeth and nails (children under 8, especially)
A
discoloration of the teeth and nails
20
Q
tetracycline may cause this in the upper GI tract
A
esophagitis
(advise pt to sit up for 30 min after eating to avoid)
21
Q
main indication for tetracyclines is
A
acne
22
Q
3 main side effects of tetracycline
A
esophagitis
photosensitivity
discoloration of teeth and nails
23
Q
tetracyclines are contraindicated in this patient
A
pregnant patients
24
Q
take tetracycline on a ____ stomach
A
empty stomach
25
do not take tetracyclines with
calcium products
(dairy, antacids)
26
class erythromycin
macrolide
27
MOA erythromycin
bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor
28
erythromycin is ______
bacteriostatic
(may be bactericidal in high doses)
29
macrolides (erythromycin) may cause this heart effect
prolonged QT effect
"thromycins" THROW off the EKG wave
30
macrolides (erythromycin) are toxic to these two organs
liver and kidney
31
erythromycin is used in prophylaxis for
neonatal eye infections
32
take erythromycin ______ food
take erythromycin WITH food
33
class ciprofloxacin
fluoroquinolone
34
MOA fluoroquinolone
inhibits bacterial DNA
35
2 black box warnings with fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin)
1) Associated with tendonitis/rupture
2) Extreme muscle weakness in MG patients
36
nephrotoxicity is _____ with fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin)
RARE
37
3 side effects with fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin)
"You hit the FLOOR with FLUOroquinolones"
Photosensitivity
Achilles tendon rupture
Muscle pain
38
rapid IV infusion of ciprofloxacin can cause
seizures
39
class trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
sulfonamide
40
MOA trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
folic acid inhibitor
41
sulfonamides (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) are NOT
NOT pregnancy safe
42
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole are normally indicated for
UTIs
43
sulfonamides (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) should not be given to a patient with this chronic disease or this allergy
Chronic kidney disease
sulfa allergy
44
advise the patient to increase this if taking sulfonamides (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)
INCREASE FLUIDS to maintain dilute urine and protect kidneys
45
class nitrofurantoin
Urinary tract antiseptic
46
nitrofurantoin is
bactericidal
47
nitrofurantoin can cause toxicity in these two organs
lungs and liver
48
nitrofurantoin may do this to urine
turn urine brown
49
nitrofurantoin is contraindicated in
pregnancy
50
take nitrofurantoin with _____ or _____ to avoid stomach upset
take nitrofurantoin with food or milk
51
tuberculosis is transmitted via
airborne droplets
52
TB is acquired through this route
respiratory route
53
class isoniazid
antituberculosis
antimycobacterial
mycolic acid inhibitor
54
black box warning for isoniazid
hepatotixicity
55
antidote for isoniazid black box warning
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
56
isoniazid is used prophylactically for
latent TB
57
isoniazid can increase instance for
seizures
58
class rifampin
antituberculosis
antimycobacterial
59
first line of treatment for TB
isoniazid
60
rifampin can cause this in urine, sweat, and tears as a side effect
orange discoloration
61
50% of patients taking rifampin experience s/s similar to
the flu
62
gram ____ have thick walls
positive
63
gram _____ have thin walls
negative
64
secondary infection that occurs when antibiotics kill host flora
superinfection
65
______ abx cause more superinfections than narrow spectrum
broad spectrum
66
drugs that inhibit the growth of bacteria
bacteriostatic
67
drugs that kill bacteria
bacterocidal
68
this is ALWAYS a contraindication with antibiotics
hypersensitivity/allergy
69
this is SOMETIMES a contraindication with antibiotics
pregnancy and lactation
70
some antibiotics decrease the efficacy of
oral birth control - risk for accidental pregnancy
71
2 classes of abx that inhibit cell wall production in bacteria
penicillins
cephalosporins
72
2 classes of antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis for bacteria
tetracyclines
macrolides
73
class of antibiotic that inhibits bacterial DNA replication
fluoroqionolones
74
once an active infection of TB is diagnosed, these 4 drugs are introduced to 'blast' the infection
'RIPE'
R: rifampin
I: isoniazid
P: pyrazinamide
E: ethambutol
75
How long does the 'RIPE' regimen for TB treatment usually last?
2 months
76
After 2 months of the 'RIPE' regimen for TB treatment, which two drugs remain in the treatment regimen?
rifampin
isoniazid
77
how long does the total treatment for TB usually last?
6 months
78
to avoid non-compliance with drug regimen for TB, this may be initiated, which includes the provider witnessing the patient taking the medication
Directly Observed Therapy (DOT)
79
This phase of active TB includes the entire 'RICE' regimen and normally lasts up to 2 months
initial phase
80
This phase of active TB only includes 2 drugs and usually lasts for the remaining 4 months in the entire 6-month treatment period
continuation phase
81
this phase of TB occurs when the patient has taken isoniazid for 9 months
Latent TB
82
viruses are _____ agents
non-living
83
viruses are _______ parasites that must be inside a host cell to replicate
intracellular
84
acyclovir is a _____ analog
nucleoside
85
class acyclovir
antiviral
86
MOA acyclovir
interferes with viral replication by mimicking viral enzymes
87
2 indications for acyclovir
Herpes
varicella zoster (chicken pox, shingles)
88
acyclovir can be toxic to the
kidney
89
does acyclovir eliminate the virus?
NO - it only inhibits replication
90
main nursing consideration with acyclovir
prevent IV toxicity
91
class oseltamivir
antiviral
92
oseltamivir is a ______ inhibitor
neuraminidase inhibitor
93
MOA oseltamivir
inhibits replication of influenza by inhibiting influenza A and B viral enzyme
94
oseltamivir is mainly indicated for
influenza A and B
95
do not administer oseltamivir within _______ of live influenza vaccine
within 2 weeks
96
take oseltamivir ______ to avoid GI upset
with food
97
regimen of a combination of different medications used to treat HIV
ART Therapy
Antiretroviral therapy
98
If HIV strains are undetectable, does this mean the disease has been cured?
NO - treatment continues for life
99
goal of ART therapy is to
reduce plasma HIV RNA to its lowest possible (or undetectable) level
100
class zidovudine
antiretroviral
101
MOA zidovudine
terminates viral DNA replication by mimicking a nucleoside building block
102
main indication for zidovudine
HIV
103
mothers with HIV should not
breastfeed
(potential risk to transmit HIV)
104
3 black box warnings for zidovudine
1) Fatal lactic acidosis
2) Bone marrow suppression
3) Myopathy (long term use)
105
zidovudine may cause significant impairment in these two organs
liver and kidney
106
this is common with zidovudine
resistance
107
class efavirenz
antiretroviral
108
which kind of antiretroviral is zidovudine?
NRTI
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitor
109
which kind of antiretroviral is efavirenz?
NNRTI
Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
110
MOA efavirenz
blocks viral replication by binding to reverse transcriptase
111
indication for efavirenz
HIV
112
efavirenz is
teratogenic!!
113
efavirenz is contraindicated in
pregnancy
114
due to its contraindication, women of child-bearing age should use this if using efavirenz
contraception
115
efavirenz may cause these kinds of CNS alterations
3 D's
dizziness
delusions
disordered sleep (insomnia)
116
efavirenz may cause this skin presentation
rash (may be mild or life-threatening)
117
monitor for this in a patient using efavirenz
suicidal ideation
118
patient should take efavirenz on a ____ stomach for this reason
take on empty stomach
fats can increase absorption and result in possible toxicity
119
class lopinavir with ritonavir
antiretroviral
120
lopinavir with ritonavir is this kind of antiretroviral
protease inhibitor
121
MOA lopinavir with ritonavir
(each component has its own action)
lopinavir prevents maturation of HIV
ritonavir inhibits hepatic breakdown of lopinavir
122
indication for lopinavir with ritonavir
HIV
123
lopinavir with ritonavir is _____ regarding side effects
generally well tolerated
124
4 potential interactions of lopinavir with ritonavir
(SS, AA)
Statins
Sildenafil
Antidepressants
Antidysrhythmics
