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mechanisms Flashcards

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1
Q

alkane to halogenoalkane

A

reagents: Cl2
conditions: UV light
mechanism: free-radical substitution

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2
Q

alkene to halogenoalkane

A

reagents: HX
conditions: N/A
mechanism: electrophilic addition

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3
Q

alkene to dihaloalkane

A

reagents: Halogen
conditions: N/A
mechanism: electrophilic addition

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4
Q

alkene to alcohol

A

reagents: H20
conditions: Conc H2SO4, 300°, 7 MPa
mechanism: electrophilic addition

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5
Q

1° halogenolkane to 1° amine

A

reagents: conc NH3
conditions: excess NH3 dissolved in ethanol
mechanism: nucleophilic substitution

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6
Q

1° halogenoalkane to 2° amine

A

reagents: 1° amine
conditions: amine dissolved in ethanol
mechanism: nucleophilic substitution

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7
Q

1° halogenoalkane to 1° alcohol

A

reagents: NaOH (aq)
conditions: Heat under reflux
mechanism: nucleophilic substitution

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8
Q

2° halogenoalkane to 2° alcohol

A

reagents: NaOH(aq)
conditions: Heat under reflux
mechanism: nucleophilic substitution

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9
Q

3° halogenoalkane to 3° alcohol

A

reagents: NaOH(aq)
conditions: Heat under reflux
mechanism: nucleophilic substitution

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10
Q

1°, 2° or 3° halogenoalkane to alkene

A

reagents: KOH (dissolved in ethanol)
conditions: Heat under reflux
mechanism: elimination

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11
Q

1° halogenoalkane to nitrile

A

reagents: potassium cyanide (dissolved in ethanol)
conditions: N/A
mechanism: nucleophilic substitution

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12
Q

alcohol to alkene

A

reagents: H2SO4
conditions: 170° for acid dehydration
mechanism: elimination

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13
Q

alcohol to halogenoalkane

A

reagents: HX
conditions: heat under reflux
mechanism: N/A
type of reaction: substitution

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14
Q

1° alcohol to aldehyde

A

reagents: Acidified potassium dichromate
conditions: heat and distil
mechanism: N/A
type of reaction: oxidation

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15
Q

2° alcohol to ketone

A

reagents: Acidified potassium dichromate
conditions: heat and reflux
mechanism: N/A
type of reaction: oxidation

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16
Q

aldehyde to carboxylic acid

A

reagents: Acidified potassium dichromate
conditions: heat and reflux
mechanism: N/A
type of reaction: oxidation

17
Q

aldehyde to 1° alcohol

A

reagents: NaBH4
conditions: aqueous solution
mechanism: nucleophilic addition
type of reaction: reduction

18
Q

ketone to 2° alcohol

A

reagents: NaBH4
conditions: aqueous solution
mechanism: nucleophilic addition
type of reaction: reduction

19
Q

aldehyde to hydroxynitrile

A

reagents: KCN followed by dilute acid
conditions: N/A
mechanism: nucleophilic addition
type of reaction: oxidation

20
Q

carboxylic acid to aldehyde

A

reagents: LiAlH4
conditions: in dry ether
mechanism: nucleophilic addition
type of reaction: reduction

21
Q

carboxylic acid to 1° alcohol

A

reagents: LiAlH4
conditions: in dry ether
mechanism: nucleophilic addition
type of reaction: reduction

22
Q

carboxylic acid to ester

A

reagents: alcohol
conditions: conc. sulphuric acid
mechanism: nucleophilic addition elimination
reagents: NaOH (aq)
type of reaction: elimination

23
Q

nitrile to 1° amine

A

reagents: LiAlH4
conditions: in dry ether
mechanism: nucleophilic addition
type of reaction: reduction

24
Q

carboxylic acid to ammonium salt

A

reagents: ammonia solution
conditions: room temp
mechanism: N/A
type of reaction: neutralisation

25
Q

carboxylic acid to sodium salt

A

reagents: NaOH (aq)
conditions: room temp
mechanism: N/A
type of reaction: neutralisation

26
Q

acid chloride to carboxylic acid

A

reagents: H20
conditions: room temp
mechanism: nucleophilic addition elimination
type of reaction: hydrolysis

27
Q

acid chloride to amide

A

reagents: ammonia
conditions: acid chloride added to conc ammonia
mechanism: nucleophilic addition elimination
type of reaction: substitution

28
Q

acid chloride to ester

A

reagents: alcohol added to acid chloide
conditions: room temp
mechanism: nucleophilic addition elimination
type of reaction: elimination

29
Q

ester to carboxylic acid

A

reagents: dilute HCl
conditions: heat under reflux
mechanism: N/A
type of reaction: acid hydrolysis

30
Q

ester to salt carboxylic acid

A

reagents: sodium hydroxide solution
conditions: heat under reflux
mechanism: N/A
type of reaction: base hydrolysis

31
Q

acid anhydride to carboxylic acid

A

reagents: H20
conditions: room temperature
mechanism: N/A

32
Q

acid anhydride to amide

A

reagents: conc. NH3
conditions: room temperature
mechanism: N/A

33
Q

acid anhydride to ester

A

reagents: alcohol
conditions: room temperature
mechanism: N/A

34
Q

benzene to nitrobenzene

A

reagents: conc H2SO4
conditions: low temperature
mechanism: electrophilic substitution

35
Q

nitrobenzene to phenylamine

A

reagents: HCl
conditions: heat under reflux and add NaOH (aq)
mechanism: N/A

36
Q

benzene to phenylethanone

A

reagents: CH3COCl
conditions: AlCl3 catalyst with CH3COCl
mechanism: electrophilic substitution

Chemistry (38 decks)

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