Bonding

Question 1

What is ionic bonding held together by

Answer 1

Electrostatic attraction

Question 2

Non-metal and metal

Answer 2

Ionic bonding

Question 3

Sulphate charge

Answer 3

SO4 ^2-

Question 4

Hydroxide charge

Answer 4

OH-

Question 5

Nitrate charge

Answer 5

NO3 -

Question 6

Carbonate charge

Answer 6

CO3 ^2-

Question 7

Ammonium charge

Answer 7

NH4 +

Question 8

What structure does sodium chloride have

Answer 8

Giant ionic lattice

Question 9

When do ionic compounds conduct electricity and why

Answer 9

When they are molten or dissolved
In liquid ions are free to move about
In solid ions are fixed

Question 10

What’s the melting point in ionic compounds and why

Answer 10

High
Giant ionic lattices held together by strong electrostatic forces.
Lots of energy to overcome these forces

Question 11

Ionic compounds in water

Answer 11

Dissolves
Water molecules are polar-part of molecule has small negative and others small positive. Charged parts pull ions away from lattice, causing it to dissolve

Question 12

Non-metal + non-metal

Answer 12

Covalent

Question 13

What does a single Covent bond contain

Answer 13

A shared paired of electrons

Question 14

What are the 2 giant covalent structures carbon can form

Answer 14

Graphite and diamond

Question 15

Properties of graphite

Answer 15

1)Weak bonds between layers do they can slide over each other
2)Delocalised electrons arent attached to a particular carbon so are free to move and hold charge making it an electrical conductor
3) layers far apart compared to length of covalent so has a low density
4) strong covalent bonds make is have a high melting point
5) is insoluble as covalent bones too strong to break

Question 16

Properties of diamond

Answer 16

1) high melting point
2) extremely hard
3) vibrations travel easily, good thermal conductor
4) cant conduct electricity as all outer electrons are held in localised bonds
5) cant dissolve

Question 17

What is dative covalent bonding

Answer 17

Both electrons come from one atom

Question 18

How do electron pairs exist

Answer 18

Charge clouds

Question 19

What type of bonding pair angles are the biggest

Answer 19

Lone-pair/lone-pair

Question 20

What type of bonding pair angles is the second biggest

Answer 20

Lone-pair/bonding pair

Question 21

What type of bonding pair angles is the smallest

Answer 21

Bonding pair/bonding pair

Question 22

Ways to predict shape of molecule

Answer 22

1) which is the central atom
2) periodic table to work out electrons in outermost shell
3) add 1
4) divide by 2
5) compare number of pairs to number of bonds to find number of lone pairs
6) now work out the shape

Question 23

Name the shape and angle
2 bond pairs
0 lone pairs

Answer 23

Linear 180

Question 24

Name the shape and angle
3 bond pairs
0 lone pairs

Answer 24

Trigonal planar 120

Question 25

Name the shape and angle
3 bond pairs
1 lone pairs

Answer 25

trigonal pyramidal 107

Question 26

Name the shape and angle
4 bond pairs
0 lone pairs

Answer 26

tetrahedral 109.5

Question 27

Name the shape and angle
4 bond pairs
2 lone pairs

Answer 27

square planar 90

Question 28

Name the shape and angle
2 bond pairs
2 lone pairs

Answer 28

bent 104.5

Question 29

Name the shape and angle
5 bond pairs
0 lone pairs

Answer 29

trigonal bipyrimidal 90/120

Question 30

Name the shape and angle
6 bond pairs
0 lone pairs

Answer 30

octahedral 90

Question 31

Name the shape and angle
3 bond pairs
2 lone pairs

Answer 31

T-shaped 88

Question 32

Name the shape and angle
4 bond pairs
1 lone pairs

Answer 32

seesaw 87/102