mechanism Flashcards
"it's almost intuitive" -Patty
mechanism
a-methyl-dopa (pro-drug)
depletes NE in brainstem presynap ves inhibit NE release at cleft (negative feedback)
mechanism
acetylcholine
decrease HR, contractility stim at SA node, atria no effect on ventricles! small bl vessel dilation
mechanism
adenosine
Increases K conductance decreases cAMP, Ca
mechanism
albuterol
B2 at low dose bronchodilation vasodilation B1 at high dose
mechanism
amiloride
block Na channel in collecting duct Prevent K loss
mechanism
amiodarone
block K+ efflux channels rhythm control Increase AP duration, refractory period
mechanism
amlodipine
decrease HR decrease contractility decrease periph resistance som reflex tachycardia
mechanism
amphetamine
CNS stimulant releases NE at nerve terminal
mechanism
Atenolol
B1 antagonist (decrease HR, contractility, reduce CO, O2 demand) inhibit renin release (reduce aldosterone, reduce volume) decrease CNS symp tone
mechanism
atomexitine
CNS stimulant blocks NE reuptake
mechanism
atorvastatin
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors inhibit cholesterol synth increase LDL receptor expression increase LDL/VLDL clearance vasodilation (vis NO release stim)
mechanism
atropine
blocks muscarinic receptors
mechanism
bethanechol
decrease HR, contractility stim at SA node, atria no effect on ventricles! small bl vessel dilation
mechanism
BiDil (hydralazine+ isosorbide dinitrate)
arteriole dilator (hydralazine) (reduce afterload) venous dilatior (dinitrate) (reduce preload)
mechanism
botulinum toxin
cleaves presynaptic SNAP25 (prevents ACh release)
mechanism
caffeine
do NOT bind adren. receptors inhibit phospodiesterase (inhibit breakdown of cAMP) increase HR, contractility increase RR bronchodilation systemic vasodilation diffuse cortical stimulation
mechanism
candesARTan
similar to ACE (block farther down)
mechanism
captopril
inhibits ACE vasodilation reduce preload (reduce aldosterone) reduce afterload (reduce periph resis)
mechanism
carbachol
decrease HR, contractility stim at SA node, atria no effect on ventricles! small bl vessel dilation
mechanism
carvediLOL
-inhibit cAMP and Ca release by blocking B1 receptors in heart -decrease contractility, HR -inhibit renin release A1 antagonist (vasodilation, decreased BP)
mechanism
cholestyramine
binds bile acids and cholest metabolites not absorbed from gut increases cholestero > bile acids up-reg LDL receptors, LDL clearance
mechanism
Clonidine
depletes NE in brainstem presynap ves inhibit NE release at cleft (negative feedback)
mechanism
cocaine
CNS stimulant blocks NE reuptake
mechanism
digoxin
inhibts Na/K ATPase increases Ca increases contractility decreases HR (increases vagal stim decreases SA node stim decreases AV conduction) decreased resting potential/conduction increased vagal effects
mechanism
diltiazem
L-type Ca channel block rate control (in nodes and depolarized) decrease Ca decrease contractility decrease HR
mechanism
Dobutamine
B1 stimulation increase contractility low/no effect on HR!!!
mechanism
donepezil
inhibits Ach-erase in synapses incr Ach in synapse low dose muscarinic (parasymp) high dose nicotinic (skeletal muscle)
mechanism
dopamine
B1, B2, DA agonist high dose A1 agonist increase HR, contractility renal vasodilation (DA) low dose systemic vasodilation low dose vasoconstriction high dose
mechanism
enalaPRIL
inhibits ACE vasodilation reduce preload (reduce aldosterone) reduce afterload (reduce periph resis)
mechanism
endrophonium
inhibits Ach-erase in synapses incr Ach in synapse low dose muscarinic (parasymp) high dose nicotinic (skeletal muscle)
mechanism
ephedrine
weak alpha, beta stim
stim NE release
B2 at low dose, vasodilation
B1 at high dose
mechanism
epinephrine
low dose B1, B2 agonist increase HR, contract, CO vasodilation (coronary aa) decrease glycogen synth high dose A1 agonist (vasoconstriction)
mechanism
eplerenONE
inhibits aldosterone blocks Na retention protects against fibrosis
mechanism
Esmolol
B1 antagonist (decrease HR, contractility, reduce CO, O2 demand) inhibit renin release (reduce aldosterone, reduce volume) decrease CNS symp tone
mechanism
Ezetimibe
decreases absorption at intest. brush border cells
mechanism
flecainide
blocks sick and healthy Na channels no effect on repolarization increase refractory
mechanism
furosemide
reduce preload reduce stress reduce edema
mechanism
galantamine
inhibits Ach-erase in synapses incr Ach in synapse low dose muscarinic (parasymp) high dose nicotinic (skeletal muscle)
mechanism
gemfibrozil
stimulate FA oxidation decrease Apo-CIII, VLDL and TAG clearance Increase HDL Increase LDL receptor expression
mechanism
Guanethidine
Competes/depletes NE in presynap ves
mechanism
hexamethonium
blocks nicotinic receptors locally disrupts NMJ transmission
mechanism
Hydralazine
Vasodilation
mechanism
hydrochlorothiazide
inhibts Na-Cl co-transport at DCT volume reduction decrease periph resistance
mechanism
ipratropium
blocks muscarinic receptors
mechanism
isoprotenerol
B1, B2 agonist increase HR, contractility periph vasodilation decrease BP increase CO
mechanism
isosorbide dinitrate
prodrugs > NO increase cGMP decrease Ca vasodilation (low - venous high - arterial coronary aa)
mechanism
lidocaine
blocks depolarized Na channels increase K+ permeability decrease Purkinje automaticity
mechanism
methylphenidate
CNS stimulant
mechanism
metoprolol
decrease SA rate and AV conduction -inhibit cAMP and Ca release by blocking B1 receptors in heart -decrease contractility -decrease HR -inhibit renin release
mechanism
mexiletine
blocks depolarized Na channels increase K+ permeability decrease Purkinje automaticity
mechanism
milrinone
increase cAMP via B1 and B2 increase contractility increase HR decrease periph resistance
mechanism
Minoxidil
Activates K+ channel in smooth muscle
mechanism
neostigmine
inhibits Ach-erase in synapses incr Ach in synapse low dose muscarinic (parasymp) high dose nicotinic (skeletal muscle)
mechanism
niacin
inhibits lipolysis in adipose decreases free FAs in circulation decreases VLDL synth inhibits LDL production decreases HDL catabolism
mechanism
nifedipine
decrease contractility decrease HR
mechanism
nimodipine
decrease contractility decrease HR
mechanism
NITroglycerin
prodrugs > NO increase cGMP decrease Ca vasodilation low - venous high - arterial (coronary aa)
mechanism
norepinephrine
B1 and A1 agonist No B2 effects! increase HR, contractility no effect on CO vasoconstriction, incr BP decrease glycogen synth
mechanism
phentolamine
A1 antagonist (vasodilation decrease BP) A2 antagonist (increase NE at synapses)
mechanism
phenylephrine
A1 agonist vasoconstriction increase BP reflex lower HR
mechanism
phenyloxybenzamine
irreversivle A1 antagonist vasodilation
mechanism
physostigmine
inhibits Ach-erase in synapses incr Ach in synapse low dose muscarinic (parasymp) high dose nicotinic (skeletal muscle)
mechanism
pravastatin
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors inhibit cholesterol synth increase LDL receptor expression increase LDL/VLDL clearance vasodilation (vis NO release stim)
mechanism
Prazosin
reversible A1 antagonist vasodilation, decrease BP relax bladder sm. muscle
mechanism
procainamide
blocks sick and healthy Na channels prolongs repolarization increase refractory period
mechanism
Propanolol
inhibit cAMP and CA release B1 antagonist (decrease HR, contractility, reduce CO, O2 demand) B2 antagonist (peripheral vasoconstriction) inhibit renin release (reduce aldosterone, reduce volume) decrease CNS symp tone
mechanism
quinidine
blocks sick and healthy Na channels prolongs repolarization increase refractory period
mechanism
Reserpine
Competes/depletes NE in presynap ves
mechanism
rivastigmine
inhibits Ach-erase in synapses incr Ach in synapse low dose muscarinic (parasymp) high dose nicotinic (skeletal muscle)
mechanism
sarin gas
inhibits Ach-erase in synapses incr Ach in synapse low dose muscarinic (parasymp) high dose nicotinic (skeletal muscle)
mechanism
Sodium nitroprusside
low - veins high - aterioles
mechanism
sotalol
block K+ efflux channels Increase AP duration, refractory period
mechanism
sprinolactONE
inhibits aldosterone blocks Na retention protects against fibrosis
mechanism
succinylcholine
blocks nicotinic receptors locally disrupts NMJ transmission
mechanism
terbutaline
B2 agonist B1 at high dose
mechanism
theophylline
do NOT bind adren. receptors inhibit phospodiesterase (inhibit breakdown of cAMP) increase HR, contractility increase RR bronchodilation systemic vasodilation diffuse cortical stimulation
mechanism
thiazide
reduce preload reduce stress reduce edema
mechanism
Timolol
specificity for B1 in eyes (inhibit aqu. hum. production)
mechanism
tubocurarine
blocks nicotinic receptors locally disrupts NMJ transmission
mechanism
tyramine
non-CNS in food, stims gut
mechanism
varenicline (Chantix)
partial nicotinic agonist blocks nicotine
mechanism
vecuronium
blocks nicotinic receptors locally disrupts NMJ transmission
mechanism
verapamil
L-type Ca channel block rate control (in nodes and depolarized) decrease HR decrease contractility decrease periph resistance no reflex tachycardia