Mechanics of Evolution Flashcards
all living organisms have a common ancestor, but because of millions of years of evolution, each of the organisms became what they are today.
theory of evolution
acts to encourage traits and behaviors that increase the likelihood of an organismโs chance for survival and reproduction while eradicating those traits and behaviors that are disadvantageous to the organism.
natural selection
fuel the process of evolution by providing new genes in the gene pool of a species.
mutation
refers to much bigger evolutionary changes that result in new species.
MACROEVOLUTION
Changes in allele frequencies due to chance alone.
GENETIC DRIFT
When a few individuals become isolated from a larger population, this smaller group may establish a new population whose gene pool differs from the source population.
Founder Effect
happen when some catastrophe, like an earthquake or a tsunami, kills off most of a population at random and leaves only a handful of survivors.
Bottleneck Effect
The transfer of alleles into or out of a population due to the movement of fertile individuals or their gametes.
GENE FLOW
Mutation is also random
they cannot decide
At least some individuals are more or less likely to mate with individuals of a particular genotype than with individuals of other genotypes
NONRANDOM MATING
This mechanism is due to human intervention. Humans cause selection because they select which phenotypes of organisms will be beneficial.
ARTIFICIAL SELECTION
By transferring advantageous alleles, such as ones for antibiotic resistance, genetic recombination can promote adaptive evolution in prokaryotic populations.
Recombination
5 conditions for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
- No mutations
- Random mating
- No natural selection
- Extremely large population
- No gene flow
