Mechanics of breathing and spirometer trace Flashcards
Define inhalation/inspiration?
The intake of air into the lungs
Define exhalation/expiration
Breathing air out of the lungs
What do intecostal muscles do during inhalation at rest?
Contract
What does the rib cage do during inhalation at rest?
Moves up and out
What does the diaphragm do during inhalation at rest?
Contracts and flattens
What happens to the size and volume of the chest cavity during inhalation at rest?
increases/gets larger
Does the pressure in the lungs increase or reduce during inhalation at rest? What is the result of this?
Reduces - causing air to rush in
During inhalation does air pass from high pressure or low pressure outside the lungs?
High pressure outside, low pressure inside
Describe exhalation at rest
Intercostal muscles relax
Ribs move in and down
Diaphragm relaxes and returns to dome shape
Chest cavity volume decreases
Air pressure in lungs increases forcing air out
What other muscles help with inhalation during exercise?
Pectorals
Sternocleidomastoid
What do these muscles do to help inhalation during exercise and why?
Pectorals pull rib cage out further increasing size of chest cavity allowing more air into lungs
Sternocleidomastoid rasies sternum at front of rib cage increasing size of chest cavity allowing more air into lungs
What other muscles assist with exhaltion during exercise?
Abdominals
How do these muscles help with exhalation during exercise?
abdominal muscles contract, pulling rib cage down quicker, forcing air out of lungs faster
What is Tidal volume?
Volume of air breathed in or out in a normal breath
What is Inspiratory reserve volume
The extra amount of air that can be forcibly breathed in, in addition to tidal volume
What is Expiratory reserve volume?
The additional amount of air that can be forcibly breathed out, in addition to tidal volume
Define the term ‘residual volume’?
The amount of air that always remains in lungs, even after maximal exhalation
Which lung volume is used to increase the amount of air breathed in?
Inspiratory reserve volume
What is the name of the amount of air left in the lungs after a full expiration?
Residual volume
What happens to your breathing rate when exercising?
Increase in rate and depth
Why does rate and depth of breathing need to change during exercise?
To increase airflow in and out of lungs
Allows more oxygen for addional energy production
Allows more carbon dioxide to be breathed out
What happens to Tidal volume during exercise and why?
Increases as rate and depth of breathing increases
What happens to Inspiratory and expiratory reserve volume during exercise?
Both decrease
What happens to residual volume during exercise?
Stays the same
