Cardio-respiratory system Flashcards
Describe the pathway of air from the nose/mouth to the alveoli
Nose/mouth; trachea; bronchi; lungs, bronchioles; alveoli
Where does gaseous exchange take place?
Lungs/alveoli
What gases are involved in gaseous exchange?
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
What process do these gases go through in gaseous exchange?
Diffusion
What is diffusion?
Gases moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Where does oxygen diffuse from and to?
From the alveoli into the red blood cellis in capillaries
Where does carbon dioxide diffuse from and to?
From the capillaries to the alveoli to be breathed out
What does oxygen combine with in the red blood cells and what does this form?
Combines with haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin
Where is oxyhaemoglobin transported to?
Working muscles
Name 4 features of the alveoli that assist with gaseous exchange.
Large surface area; moist, thin walls (one cell thick); short diffusion pathway; large supply of blood
State 2 structural features of an artery
Thick, muscular, elastic walls; small lumen
How does one structural feature of the artery allow them to carry out a particular function?
Thick, muscular elastic walls allow arteries to carry blood at high pressure away from the heart
Elastic walls allow for vasoconstriction and vasodilation during exercise
What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
To transport blood, nutrients, gases, and waste products throughout the body.
True or False: The heart has four chambers.
True
Fill in the blank: The __________ arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
pulmonary
