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Physics > Mechanics > Flashcards

Mechanics Flashcards

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1
Q

Vector

A

A quantity which has magnitude and direction

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2
Q

Scalar

A

A quantity which has magnitude only

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3
Q

Distance

A

A measure of the separation between two points

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4
Q

Displacement

A

The separation between two points in a given direction

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5
Q

Speed

A

The distance travelled per unit time

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6
Q

Velocity

A

The rate of change of the displacement

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7
Q

Acceleration

A

The rate of change of the velocity

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8
Q

Momentum

A

The product of the mass and velocity of a body

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9
Q

The principle of conservation of momentum

A

In any closed system of colliding bodies, the total momentum remains constant

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10
Q

Force

A

That which can cause acceleration

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11
Q

Newton

A

A force of one Newton gives a mass of one kg and acceleration of 1 m/s2

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12
Q

Weight

A

A force equal to the product of mass and acceleration due to gravity

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13
Q

Friction

A

The force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact

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14
Q

Newton’s First law of motion

A

A body remains at rest or a uniform motion unless acted on by a resultant force

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15
Q

Newton’s second law of motion

A

The rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the applied force and takes place in the same direction in which the force acts
F = ma

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16
Q

Newton’s third law of motion

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

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17
Q

Work

A

Done when a force causes a body to be displaced
W = Fd

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18
Q

Energy

A

The ability to do work

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19
Q

1 Joule

A

The work done when a force of 1 N this place is an object by 1 m

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20
Q

The principle of conservation of energy

A

States that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but can change from one form to another

21
Q

Power

A

The race at which work is done for energy is converted P = W/t

22
Q

1 Watt

A

The race of doing work equal to 1 joule per second

23
Q

Potential energy

A

The energy a body has due to its position or state

24
Q

Kinetic energy

A

The energy a body has due to its motion

25
Q

Renewable source of energy

A

One that will not be exhausted e.g. wind tidal and solar. A non-renewable source will eventually run out; coal oil natural gas

26
Q

Efficiency of machine

A

Useful energy output as a percentage of energy input

27
Q

Lever

A

Any rigid body that is free to rotate about a fixed point called a fulcrum

28
Q

The centre of gravity

A

The point of an object through which the weight of the object appears to act

29
Q

The moment of a force (torque)

A

The force applied multiplied by the perpendicular distance to the fulcrum M =Fd

30
Q

Conditions for equilibrium

A
  1. The vector sum of the forces in any direction must be zero
  2. The sum of the moments about any point must be zero
31
Q

Couple

A

2 equal parallel forces that act in opposite directions

32
Q

Moment of a couple

A

The magnitude of one force multiplied by the perpendicular distance between the two forces

33
Q

Hooke’s law

A

In an elastic body the restoring force is proportionately the displacement of the stretched object from its equilibrium position
F = -ks

34
Q

Simple harmonic motion

A

The acceleration of a body towards its mean position is directly proportional to its distance from that position and always directed towards it
A = - ω s

35
Q

Newton’s law of universal gravitation

A

The force between two bodies is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the

36
Q

Centripetal Force

A

The force required to maintain uniform circular motion. It is directed towards the center of the circle

37
Q

Centripetal acceleration

A

The acceleration of an object to traveling in uniforms circular motion. It is directed towards the center of the circle

38
Q

Angular velocity

A

The rate of change of an angle

39
Q

Angle

A

Measured ingredients is equal to the arc length divided by the radius

40
Q

Elastic constant

A

The constant of proportionality between the applied force and the resulting displacement of a given spring

41
Q

Elasticity

A

The ability of a body to resist a distorting influence or stress and to return to its original size and shape when the stress is removed

42
Q

Periodic time

A

The time taken to complete one revolution

43
Q

Kepler’s third law

A

The square of the periodic time of a satellite is directly proportional to the cube of its radius of orbit and inversely proportional to the mass of the planet in orbits

44
Q

Density

A

The mass per unit volume of a substance
p=m/V

45
Q

Pressure

A

The force per unit area
P = F/A

46
Q

Archimedes principle

A

When a body is partially or fully immersed in a fluid, it experiences an uptrust which is equal to the weight of fluid displaced

47
Q

Law of flotation

A

A floating body displaces his own ways of fluid

48
Q

Boyles law

A

For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature its volume is inversely proportional to its pressure

49
Q

Acceleration due to gravity

A

The acceleration experienced by a body in free fall within the gravitational field of a massive body

Physics (6 decks)

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