Mechanical ventilation Flashcards
1
Q
What does mechanical ventilation do
A
- They can control the rate, volume and pressure of breathes to ensure adequate oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal
2
Q
What is invasive mechanical ventilation
A
- Respiratory support for patients that requires an artificial airway
- Placing patient on a ventilator to control their breathing
- Done with either a endotracheal tube or a tracheostomy
3
Q
Indications of invasive mechanical ventilation
A
- When other forms of non-invasive ventilation have failed to improve either oxygenation or ventilation
Basic physiologic impairments
1. Apnoea
2. Hemodynamic instability/collapse
3. Acute ventilatory failure
4. Impending ventilatory failure
5. Refractory hypoxemic respiratory failure
6. Respiratory muscle fatigue
7. Obstruction
4
Q
Negative pressure
A
Generated on the outside of the chest and transmitted to the interior to expand the lungs and allow air to flow in
5
Q
Positive pressure
A
- Delivers pressure into the patients lungs during inspiration
- The air coming in causes the lungs to expand
6
Q
Complications of invasive mechanical ventilation
A
- Heamodynamic compromise
- Barotrauma - damage to lungs from alveoli trauma
- Ventilator associated pneumonia
7
Q
Non invasive mechanical ventilation
A
- Way of helping a person breath by pushing air into the lungs via a tight-fitting mask
8
Q
FiO2
A
- This indicates the fraction of inspired oxygen available through the ventilator
- How much O2 the patient is receiving
9
Q
VTe (tidal volume)
A
- The volume of each breath
- Generally we would want 5 to 8ml/kg of ideal body weight
- This is related to a patients C02 levels, in that the greater the tidal volume, the more CO2 a patient can “blow off”
9
Q
PEEP
A
- Positive end-expiratory pressure
- Essentially how much pressure remains in the lungs at the end of expiration
10
Q
MVe
A
- Minute volume
- This value represents the sum of the patients respiratory rate and their tidal volume
- The volume of ventilation that occurs per minute
11
Q
PIP
A
- Peak inspiratory pressure
- Value that represents the highest point of pressure present during a cycle of ventilation