Mechanical ventilation Flashcards

1
Q

What does mechanical ventilation do

A
  • They can control the rate, volume and pressure of breathes to ensure adequate oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal
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2
Q

What is invasive mechanical ventilation

A
  • Respiratory support for patients that requires an artificial airway
  • Placing patient on a ventilator to control their breathing
  • Done with either a endotracheal tube or a tracheostomy
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3
Q

Indications of invasive mechanical ventilation

A
  • When other forms of non-invasive ventilation have failed to improve either oxygenation or ventilation

Basic physiologic impairments
1. Apnoea
2. Hemodynamic instability/collapse
3. Acute ventilatory failure
4. Impending ventilatory failure
5. Refractory hypoxemic respiratory failure
6. Respiratory muscle fatigue
7. Obstruction

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4
Q

Negative pressure

A

Generated on the outside of the chest and transmitted to the interior to expand the lungs and allow air to flow in

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5
Q

Positive pressure

A
  • Delivers pressure into the patients lungs during inspiration
  • The air coming in causes the lungs to expand
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6
Q

Complications of invasive mechanical ventilation

A
  • Heamodynamic compromise
  • Barotrauma - damage to lungs from alveoli trauma
  • Ventilator associated pneumonia
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7
Q

Non invasive mechanical ventilation

A
  • Way of helping a person breath by pushing air into the lungs via a tight-fitting mask
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8
Q

FiO2

A
  • This indicates the fraction of inspired oxygen available through the ventilator
  • How much O2 the patient is receiving
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9
Q

VTe (tidal volume)

A
  • The volume of each breath
  • Generally we would want 5 to 8ml/kg of ideal body weight
  • This is related to a patients C02 levels, in that the greater the tidal volume, the more CO2 a patient can “blow off”
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9
Q

PEEP

A
  • Positive end-expiratory pressure
  • Essentially how much pressure remains in the lungs at the end of expiration
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10
Q

MVe

A
  • Minute volume
  • This value represents the sum of the patients respiratory rate and their tidal volume
  • The volume of ventilation that occurs per minute
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11
Q

PIP

A
  • Peak inspiratory pressure
  • Value that represents the highest point of pressure present during a cycle of ventilation
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