Mechanical Digestion Flashcards
Where does digestion start?
Digestion begins in the mouth
What do the teeth and saliva do?
Teeth chew food and break it into smaller pieces that won’t block the oesophagus.
Saliva moistens food so it slides down
What food group does the enzymes in the saliva break down?
Carbohydrates
What is mechanical digestion?
Mechanical digestion used muscles to make our teeth cut and grind up food into small chunks
What do enzymes do?
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions
What is peristalsis?
Peristalsis are wave-like contractions and relaxations of the muscle.
Muscles contract rhythmically to move food from the oesophagus to the rectum
What can be digested in the small intestine?
Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
What can the stomach digest?
Protien
What enzyme breaks down carbohydrates?
Amylase
What enzyme breaks down proteins?
Protease
What digests lipids?
Lipase
What is the product of carbohydrates and amylase?
Sugars
What is the product of proteins and pepsin?
Amino acids
What is the product of lipids and lipase?
Fatty acids, Glycerol
What is the enzyme in the lock and key theory?
The lock
What is the substrate in the lock and key theory?
The key
What is the first step in an enzymes action?
The enzyme finds the substrate to start the action
(Must fit exactly)
What is the 2nd action of an enzyme?
The substrate enters the active site of the enzyme
What is the 3rd action of an enzyme?
The enzyme splits (breaks down) the substrate into 2 smaller pieces
What is the last action of the enzyme?
The substrate exits the active site
How does vomiting occur?
Caused by stress, pain or infections.
Forces food back up through the stomach and out through the mouth.
What is bile?
Bile is made in the liver, stored in the gall bladder and released into the small intestine to aid digestion of fats 
What are enzymes made of?
Proteins
Which organelle in a cell would make enzymes
Ribosomes
