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A Level Biology - 3.1.1 Exchange surfaces > Measuring volumes in the lungs > Flashcards

Measuring volumes in the lungs Flashcards

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1
Q

How does carbon dioxide move?

A

Carbon dioxide diffuses from blood to alveoli raising levels but slight fall due to mixing with dead air space

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2
Q

How does water vapour move?

A

The moisture lining in the alveoli evaporates into alveolar air and is then expired

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3
Q

What is the effect of temperature?

A

Heat lost from the blood raises the temperature of the alveolar air

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4
Q

What is a kymograph?

A

It is a rotating dum where trace is drawn as it moves up and down

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5
Q

What is the spirometer chamber?

A

An air tight chamber with lid floating on water and is filled with air or oxygen at the start

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6
Q

What is the counterpoise?

A

A chamber that only moves when breathing

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7
Q

What is the carbon dioxide absorber?

A

It is soda lime from exhaled air

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the nose clip?

A

A person only intakes gas from the chamber

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9
Q

What is the tidal volume?

A

The volume of air breathed in or out of the lungs per breath

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10
Q

What is the tidal volume in humans?

A

0.5

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11
Q

How does the tidal volume value change?

A

The average volume at rest but increases during excercise

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12
Q

What is the vital capacity?

A

The maximum volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a maximal intake of air

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13
Q

What is the vital capacity in humans?

A

3.5 - 6

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14
Q

What does vital capacity depend on?

A

The volume depends on the size and fitness of the person

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15
Q

What is the residual volume?

A

The volume of air remaining in the lungs at the end of maximum expiration

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16
Q

What is the residual volume in humans?

A

1.5

17
Q

What does the value of residual volume represent?

A

The typical value where inhaled air mixes with residual air, keeping the levels of gases in the alveoli constant

18
Q

What is the oxygen consumption on the graph?

A

The gradient

19
Q

How do you calculate tidal volume?

A

The average height of a wave on a graph (e.g. 1 box = 0.25dm so 3 boxes = 0.75 dm)

20
Q

How do you calculate the vital capacity?

A

From the highest to lowest point on graph

21
Q

How do you calculate residual volume?

A

Total lung capacity (use average) - vital capacity

22
Q

How do you calculate breathing rate?

A

Number of breaths in 30s (number of waves) x2

23
Q

How do you calculate ventilation rate?

A

Tidal volume x breathing rate

24
Q

What is the gradient?

A

(Bottom of highest peak to lowest peak) / time

25
Q

How does oxygen move?

A

Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into blood, expired air mixes with air from dead space

A Level Biology - 3.1.1 Exchange surfaces (6 decks)

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