Measuring Development

Question 1

What’s is development?

Answer 1

A positive change that makes things better. As a country develops it usually means that people’s standard of living and quality of life will improve

Question 2

What is GNI?

Answer 2

-This is an economic indicator that is the total value of goods and services produced by a country plus money earned from and paid to by other countries
-it is usually shown per head (per capita)
-it is good for showing economic development but ignored standard of living

Question 3

What is birth rate?

Answer 3

-the number of lives per thousand of the population per year
-it is good measure of social progress and usually the most developed countries have the lowest birth rates
-birth rates can be altered by policies so are not always reliable e.g. China had a one child policy

Question 4

What is death rate?

Answer 4

-The number of deaths per thousand of the population per year
-it is good for showing how developed a country’s health care system however a lot of HICs have an aging population so it can cause a higher death rate than expected at times

Question 5

What is infant mortality?

Answer 5

The number of babies who die before they are 1 year old per thousand babies born

Question 6

What is the people per doctor indicator?

Answer 6

The average number of people for each doctor

Question 7

What is literacy rate?

Answer 7

-The percentage of adults who can read and write
-a good way of measuring wellbeing but does not take into account countries where girls may be prohibited from attending school

Question 8

What is the access to safe water indicator?

Answer 8

The percentage of people who can get clean drinking water

Question 9

What is life expectancy?

Answer 9

-The average age a person can expect to live to
-a good social development indicator but isn’t always reliable it may be affected by wars or political issues in the country

Question 10

What is HDI?

Answer 10

-A development indicator that combines life expectancy, number of years and education and GNI per head
-it is recognised a good measure as it combines both social and economic indicators
- a limitation is that it doesn’t take into account equality factors for example how women are treated

Question 11

What is natural increase?

Answer 11

• It is The birth rate minus the death rate
• it shows how the population is naturally increasing or decreasing

Question 12

What is the DTM (demographic transition model)?

Answer 12

A model that shows how the birth rate and death rate of a country impact population growth

Question 13

What is stage 1 of the DTM like?

Answer 13

-stage 1 is where the least developed countries are at
-the birth rate is high because there is no contraception and people also have lots of children as infant mortality rates are high
-the death rate is high due to poor healthcare or famine

Question 14

What is stage 2 of the DTM like?

Answer 14

-this is where many LICs are at e.g. Gambia
-birth rate is high and steady as people have lots of children to work on farms
-the death rate is rapidly falling as better healthcare increases life expectancy

Question 15

What is stage 3 of the DTM like?

Answer 15

-this is where most NEEs are at e.g. Nigeria
-the birth rate falls rapidly as the use of contraception increases and more women work instead of having children
The economy also changes from farming to manufacturing so fewer children are needed to work on farms
-improved healthcare and vaccinations means the death rate is slowly falling

Question 16

What is stage 4 and 5 of the DTM like?

Answer 16

-these are where some of the most developed countries are at e.g. the Uk is at stage 4 and Japan is at stage 5
-birth rates are low (low and fluctuating in stage 4 but low and steady in stage 5) due to the fact people may have dependant elderly relatives to there is less money available for having childern. Moreover because of the emancipation and education of women, more women would prefer to work and gain money for themselves then have children and lower their disposable income
-healthcare is good so death rate is low