Measuring and Monitoring BP

Question 1

Measurement of force applied to an artery wall

Answer 1

BP

Question 2

Pressure within veins

Strongest correlation with body fluid volume

Answer 2

Central Venous Pressure

Question 3

Indicates the driving force for tissue blood flow

Answer 3

BP

Question 4

BP falls too low and organ perfusion may be inadequate

Answer 4

Hypotension

Question 5

Anesthesia, drugs, toxins, shock, and severe dehydration can be causes of

Answer 5

hypotension

Question 6

BP is too high and organs can be over perfused or undergo barrotrauma

Answer 6

hypertension

Question 7

Sensory nerve trauma that stimulates pressure change

Answer 7

barrotrauma

Question 8

Kidney dz, hyperthyroidism, and any type of metabolic changes can be the cause of

Answer 8

hypertension

Question 9

What 3 things should be considered when determining what a normal BP is?

Answer 9

1. Species
2. Gender
3. Age

Question 10

High risk higher BP that requires antihypertensives

Answer 10

180/120 mm Hg

Question 11

Moderate risk higher BP that is a risk for organ injury and should be monitored

Answer 11

150/95 mm Hg

Question 12

Moderate risk lower BP that reduces tissue perfusion and should be monitored

Answer 12

100/60 mm Hg

Question 13

High risk lower BP that mandates intervention via IV fluids and decreasing anesthesia if applicable

Answer 13

70/40 mm Hg

Question 14

Normal dog and cat systolic pressure

Answer 14

90-160 mm Hg

Question 15

Normal dog and cat diastolic pressure

Answer 15

50-90 mm Hg

Question 16

Normal MAP awake

Answer 16

85-120 mm Hg

Question 17

Normal MAP anesthetized

Answer 17

70-99 mm Hg

Question 18

Highest pressure from the contraction of the ventricles

Answer 18

Systolic

Question 19

Pressure that remains when the heart is resting

Lowest pressure

Answer 19

Diastolic

Question 20

The average pressure and is most important with anesthesia

Best indicator of perfusion

Answer 20

MAP

Question 21

MAP calculation

Answer 21

Diastolic pressure + (systolic-diastolic)
______________________________
3

Question 22

Method for measuring BP that is not common in veterinary practice because its more painful with a indwelling arterial catheter
Used in research and referral practices

Answer 22

Direct

Question 23

What are 2 complications of using a direct method of BP

Answer 23

Hematomas and infx

Question 24

Common method in vet practices for obtaining BP because it’s non-invasive and affordable

Answer 24

Indirect

Question 25

3 Indirect methods for obtaining BP

Answer 25

1. Ausculatory
2. Doppler
3. Oscillometer

Question 26

All indirect BP methods use

Answer 26

an inflatable cuff

Question 27

Pressure is measured with 2 things with indirect method

Answer 27

1. manometer
   or
2. pressure transducer

Question 28

Inflates the cuff to a pressure exceeding systolic BP

Answer 28

Squeeze bulb or automated device

Question 29

2 indirect methods commonly used in practice

Answer 29

1. doppler

2. oscillometer

Question 30

Indirect method that detects blood flow as a change in frequency of reflected sound ( motion of RBCs)
Probe must be positioned distal to the cuff on the same limb
Measures systolic, sometimes able to measure diastolic if skilled enough

Answer 30

Doppler

Question 31

When using a doppler, a technician reads the BP from a

Answer 31

manometer

Question 32

Indirect method that cycles automatically detects pressure fluctuations in the occluding cuff resulting from the pressure pulse
Unit and cuff are one piece
Measures systolic, diastolic, MAP, and pulse rate

Answer 32

Oscillometers

Question 33

When are oscillometers typically used?

Answer 33

Anesthesia or critical care pts

Question 34

4 types of arteries the cuff may be placed around

Answer 34

1. Brachial arteries
2. Median arteries
3. Cranial tibial arteries
4. Medial coccygeal arteries

Question 35

2 best positions for obtaining BP

Answer 35

Sternal or lateral

Question 36

What should be minimized to get most accurate reading?

Answer 36

Stress

Question 37

The cuff should be placed at the level of

Answer 37

the heart

Question 38

Can be placed around the cuff to secure it

Answer 38

Adhesive tape

Question 39

For every 2 cm a cuff is placed above or below you should + or -

Answer 39

1 mm HG

Question 40

You can use these if the sound of the doppler alarms the pet

Answer 40

earphones

Question 41

Cuff size is indicated by

Answer 41

a number

Question 42

Cuff width is measured in

Answer 42

mm

Question 43

Cuff width should be about ______% of the limb circumference

Answer 43

40

Question 44

An oversized cuff can give a

Answer 44

lower reading

Question 45

An undersized cuff can give a

Answer 45

increased reading

Question 46

How many measurements should you take?

Answer 46

5

Question 47

There should be no more than __% variation between readings

Answer 47

20

Question 48

You should discard the _________ and __________ readings

Answer 48

highest, lowest

Question 49

Dopplers measure systolic pressure in cats and __ mm HG should be added for accuracy

Answer 49

15

Question 50

Dx of what should never be based off of one reading

Answer 50

hypertension

Question 51

You should always measure ___ before doing anything else in an appointment

Answer 51

BP

Question 52

To obtain this, you need IV fluids, admin set, IV extension set, manometer, and stopcock

Answer 52

CVP

Question 53

Normal CVP value

Answer 53

0-5 cm of H2O

Question 54

To determine accuracy, CVP should be repeated

Answer 54

3-5 times

Question 55

CVP values that could indicate increase in vascular volume, suspected volume overload, and fluid therapy should be stopped or slowed

Answer 55

8-10 cm of H2O

Question 56

CVP values that could indicate venous congestion, increased thoracic pressure, and volume overload

Answer 56

> 10 cm of H2O