Measurements Of Development

Question 1

Name 3 development measurements ?

Answer 1

GNI/GDP, infant mortality, life expectancy, HDI

Question 2

What is GNI ?

Answer 2

GNI - Gross National Income
It’s a measurement of economic development as it shows people’s quality of life. It shows the total value of goods and services produced by a country.

Question 3

What is HDI ?
What does it measure ?

Answer 3

Human development index - shows how much people are benefitting from economic developments.
It measures life expectancy, numbers of years in education and GNI per head

Question 4

6 causes of poverty

Answer 4

Historical, Population change, Climate, Disease and Disaster, Government and trade links

Question 5

How do trade links impact the development gap ?

Answer 5

Land locked countries have no access to ports so it’s more expensive to trade. This means they generate a low income causing poverty

Question 6

How does climate affect development ?

Answer 6

Extreme weather can slow development because repairs of important infrastructure can be costly.

Question 7

How does government affect development?

Answer 7

Corrupt government set high tax rates and low/no benefits for struggling
Paying of bribes and illegal activity prevents facilities/projects to be developed

Question 8

How does disease and disaster affect development?

Answer 8

Mass disasters like earthquakes cause death and mass migration
Leads to homelessness loss of employment and income
Plus rebuilding damaged infrastructure is costly

Question 9

How does population change affect development?

Answer 9

The higher the population the more people are generally in poverty due to a lack of employment opportunities and not enough housing.

Question 10

How does history affect development?

Answer 10

Many former colonies don’t have a well established political system and ethnic rivalries in some places has caused political instability. Issues like corruption and financial management are affected by independence.

Question 11

Disparities in wealth?

Answer 11

Wealth is UNEVENLY distributed around the world
Qatar is richest and has most powerful economy ‘Engine of Growth’
NEEs like India has seen wealth multiply by 4 due t population increase
Africa lags behind - it shares 1% of global wealth

Question 12

Impacts of uneven development health - eg. Malaria

Answer 12

A lack of development may mean African countries have more cases of malaria due to fewer/no vaccination programmes.

Question 13

How could malaria cause uneven development?

Answer 13

Malaria kills someone every 30 seconds in Africa therefore there will be many absences from work reducing economic productivity. Additionally, restrictions may need to be put in place to contain malaria therefore work and jobs will be limited

Question 14

What is development?

Answer 14

Development means positive change that makes things better.
Generally as a country develops people’s standard of living and quality of life will improve.

Question 15

Economic and social measures can use broad statistics to measure standard of living but what can’t they do?

Answer 15

Can’t give an accurate measurement of an individuals quality of life

Question 16

What is the Brandt line?

Answer 16

The concept of a gap between the Global North and the Global South in terms of development and wealth

Question 17

What are the strengths of GNI?

Answer 17

Measures how wealthy a population is and wether they are working and earning.

Question 18

What are the weaknesses of GNI?

Answer 18

Miss off money made through informal economies - doesn’t reflect inequality

Question 19

What is birth rate? And what are its strengths and weaknesses

Answer 19

Number of people born for every 1000 people in a population each year
Strengths - shows a lack of family planning, availability and affordability contraception, and it shows that in LICs kids are viewed as assets as they make more money
Weaknesses - some religions strongly discourage the use of contraception, it can also be affected by government family laws for example in China there is a one child policy

Question 20

What is death rate and what are its strengths and weaknesses

Answer 20

Death rate is the number of people that die per thousand in one year
Strengths show how effective healthcare is and infrastructure is supplying basic needs like food water and shelter
Weaknesses most countries in the world have a low death rate so it’s hard to compare countries

Question 21

What is infant mortality and what are its strength

Answer 21

Infant mortality is a number of infants the die per thousand born before they reach the age of 1
Strength is a useful measure of countries healthcare systems

Question 22

What are the weaknesses of the development measurements; infant mortality , life expectancy, people per doctor, literacy rate and access to safe water?

Answer 22

Only directly measure one aspect of development for example and the quality of healthcare development is more than just a single measure
values used are often an average across a large area that fail to show variations within the whole region data can also be unreliable or out of date especially in war zones or countries with no real or corrupt government
some corrupt governments may falsified data to avoid embarrassment

Question 23

What is life expectancy and what are its strengths

Answer 23

Life expectancy is the average number of years that people are expected to live from birth and is a useful measure of countries healthcare systems

Question 24

What is people per doctor and what are its strengths

Answer 24

The number of doctors available for every 1000 people in the population
it indicates how much income people have to spend on healthcare

Question 25

What is literacy rate and what are its strengths

Answer 25

Literacy rate is a percentage of the population in each category that can read and write
Shows if a country has good/free education

Question 26

What are the strengths of HDI

Answer 26

HDI is both a social and economic development measurement that takes in a variety of factors

Question 27

What are the weaknesses of HDI

Answer 27

There is no measure of environment like rubbish collection

Question 28

What is stage 1 of the demographic transition model?

Answer 28

High birth rate, high death rate - fluctuate because of disease, famine and war but the population is fairly stable

Question 29

What is stage 2 of the demographic transition model?

Answer 29

Death rate decreases, birth rate remains high so population grows

Question 30

What is stage 3 of the demographic transition model?

Answer 30

Birth rate drops rapidly, death rate continues to decrease slowly
Population still grows but very slowly

Question 31

What is stage 4 of the demographic transition model?

Answer 31

Low birth rate, low death rate but birth rate tends to fluctuate depending on the economic situation

Question 32

What is stage 5 of the demographic transition model?

Answer 32

Birth rate falls below death rate, death rate increases slightly due to ageing population.
Total population starts to decrease

Question 33

What does uneven development cause?

Answer 33

Disparities in health and wealth
Causes large scale international migration in pursuit f jobs, health care or forced migration

Question 34

😀

Answer 34

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