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Geogrpahy - The Changing Economic World > Development Stratergies > Flashcards

Development Stratergies Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 8 development strategies?

A

Industrial development, Microfinance, Intermediate technology, Investment, Debt relief, International aid, Fair-trade, Tourism

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2
Q

What is industrial development?

A

The growth of manufacturing in a countries economy that leads to the multiplier effect

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3
Q

What is fair trade?

A

An international organisation helping farmers to cooperate and together sell their products at a fair minimum price

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4
Q

What does tourism do?

A

Creates greater wealth than primary industries so government can tax the wealth

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5
Q

What is investment?

A

Industrial development needs investment from TNCs
Investment leads to the multiplier effect and increased economic growth and quality of life

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6
Q

What is debt relief?

A

When an LIC have been left with debts the cancellation of these or lowering of interest ates can aid development as they can invest more into the economy

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7
Q

What is micro-finance?

A

Very small loans (normally in the form of product) provided to those living in poverty to help support their business

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8
Q

What is intermediate technology?

A

Uses simple and appropriate technology that the local community can set up, work with and maintain to improve development and their quality of life

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9
Q

What is international aid?

A

When a resource of money is given from one country to another country to help in one way

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10
Q

What conditions are necessary for economic development?

A

Location - need accessible trade links
Low tax - attract foreign TNCs (cause industrialisation)
Allowing capitalism - through policies and laws the government can generate more money for the population

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11
Q

What are the consequences of industrial development?

A

Exploitation of working population
Environmental damage due to emissions and toxic waste
Loss of basic civil rights and poor health + work life balance
Cost of living increases = more inequality

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12
Q

As manufacturing industries start to grow what begins to take effect?

A

MULTIPLIER EFFECT🚀

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13
Q

Give an example of industrial developments multiplier effect?

A

Import raw materials - ports grow and improve - more people hired - allows greater exports and more money - people have an income - quality of life increases

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14
Q

Give another example of the multiplier effect within industrial development?

A

New skilled jobs are created - generates more money - disposable income and luxuries owned increase - better quality f life and education

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15
Q

Give another example of the multiplier effect industrial development ?

A

As infrastructure is invested in - water pipeline are built increasing connectivity - improves access to clean water - fewer waterborne diseases

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16
Q

What are the benefits of fair trade?

A

Fair trade Premium - work together and invest in the community
Guaranteed minimum price
Improved/safer working conditions
Promotes gender equality

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17
Q

What are challenges do non- fair trade farmers face?

A

Paid little and struggle to survive
Exploitative, unsafe and dangerous conditions
Forced child labour

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18
Q

What percentage of the world’s chocolate is fairly traded?

A

5%

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19
Q

What are farmers likely to do with the profit they receive from fair trade?

A

MULTIPLIER EFFECT
Invest and grow their farms
More employees are needed
Locals benefit = secure employment
Local economy starts to grow

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20
Q

How do good working conditions and health and safety help farmers?

A

Prevent illness and disease
No absences = mor productivity
Continue to grow farm - leads to creation of more jobs

21
Q

What are the benefits to development of tourism ?

A

Provides a variety of jobs for locals
Water and sanitation infrastructure improves
Rich tourists provide an income for local businesses
Transport improves to allow movement of people and goods
Environment is cleaned and health improves
Multilingual employers learn new skills

22
Q

What are the problems associated with tourism?

A

All inclusive resorts keep all the money - tourists may not leave hotel
Leaky tourism
Vulnerable due to over dependancy on tourist industry
Causes littering and local pollution
Tourism doesn’t make the entire country wealthy

23
Q

How many jobs has Jamaican Tourism generated?

A

200,000 jobs - chefs, tour guides, maintenance, cleaning etc.

24
Q

How much of Jamaica’s GNI is generated from tourism?

A

24%

25
Q

What is leaky tourism?

A

Money transferred out of the country by the TNC to the host country (HIC)

26
Q

How has tourism aided Jamaican investment?

A

Tourism has led to investment on the north coast (where tourism is centred).
Trelawney port has been developed and new accommodation added
Montero Bay has had a new water treatment plan to reduce pollution from hotels

27
Q

How many visitors do Jamaica receive each year ?

A

3.6 million
1/3 are cruise ship passengers

28
Q

How do government generate money from tourism ?

A

Tax TNCs like Hilton to generate an income

29
Q

What environmental disadvantage does mass tourism create?

A

Footpath erosion, excessive waste and harmful emissions (increase CO2 footprint 👣)

30
Q

What environmental advantages can tourism lead to?

A

Conservation and landscaping projects like Negril Marine Nature Park which are home to thimble jellyfish

31
Q

What does investment cause ?

A

Development of infrastructure
Construction of dams
Improvements of harbours and ports
New industries

32
Q

What can investment lead to ?

A

MULTIPLIER EFFECT - generated from additional wealth and changing of industrial structure
TNCs need investment

33
Q

Investment can support a country develop by providing employment and income from abroad. How?

A

As education grows, poverty decreases
Can become more politically involved

34
Q

How does debt relief promote development?

A

The HIPC can invest more money into the economy

35
Q

What’s an HIPC?

A

Highly Indebted Poor Country
Unable to pay high interest and debts

36
Q

What does debt relief involve?

A

HIPCs borrow money to develop their economies by investing in industry, infrastructure and manufacturing
Low raw material price reduce the value of exports but high oil price increase import price - hard to make income

37
Q

How to qualify as HIPC?

A

Demonstrate good finance management
Show no government corruption
Agree to spend saved debt money on education, healthcare and reducing poverty

38
Q

What is Pigs For Peace?

A

A micro finance programme in The democratic republic of Congo

39
Q

How does Pigs for Peace help development?

A

Improve standard of living - breed, sell and eat
Increase household income (stable)
Give women confidence and freedom
Grow family business

40
Q

Disadvantages of Pigs for Peace?

A

Took a couple years for farmers to create a large drove
Conflict and livestock theft was an issue
Helped only 10 villages - small scale

41
Q

Why wouldn’t a tractor by useful for an LIC?

A

Wouldn’t understand how to use it
Can’t afford/access petrol
Couldn’t fix if broke

42
Q

How do taankas help?

A

A form of intermediate technology which reduce labour and physical strain to increase productivity

43
Q

What is bilateral aid

A

Aid from one country to another
Eg Wakel Basin Project
Provide expertise and help country
Relies on nature

44
Q

What is charitable aid?

A

Donations generated from the public
Eg. Following Nepalese earthquake 8,800 Red Cross volunteers
Help recover quick and restart economy
Take bribes for personal gain/exploit power

45
Q

What’s short term aid?

A

Emergency aid is giving help immediately
Eg. Food provisions after earthquake
Save lives
People = over dependant

46
Q

What is tied aid?

A

Aid given with certain conditions
Eg, Portugal gave Mozambique a dam but contract meant Mozambique had to repay Portuguese companies with electricity
Essential services improves

47
Q

What’s long term aid?

A

Sustainable aid aimed to improve resilience and help host country develop
Gives essential infrastructure and no need for short term aid

48
Q

What’s multilateral aid?

A

Money given from organisations like World Bank
Eg, slum sanitation project - funded by world bank to create 5,100 toilets
Better infrastructure = better health
Not always elegible for aid/funding

Geogrpahy - The Changing Economic World (6 decks)

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