Measurements and their Errors

Question 1

Systematic Error

Answer 1

Occurs if the measurement is consistently too large or too small

Caused by:

• poor instrumental technique
• zero error on instrumentation
• poor calibration

Reduced by:

• correct offsets

Question 2

Random Error

Answer 2

Occurs when repeating a measurement gives an unpredictable and different result

Causes:

• human error
• readability of equipment
• external effects

Reduced by:

• taking repeated measurements and averaging

Question 3

Uncertainty