Measurements

Question 1

6-8 cm in length, and shaped like kidney bean

Answer 1

Normal spleen size in pediatrics 

Question 2

Get parasternal long view and do M-mode at the tip of the anterior mitral valve leaflet. Then measure the distance between the leaflet and the LV wall.

0.6 cm or less indicates normal EF
0.6 - 0.8 cm indicates moderately decreased EF
> 0.8 cm indicates severely decreased EF
Cannot use this in mitral valve disease

Answer 2

Endpoint Septal separation
(EPSS)

Question 3

<120 bpm

Answer 3

Normal fetal heart rate

Question 4

> 2.5cm
To and fro peristalsis
Piano, key sign, 

Answer 4

Diameter of bowel in small bowel obstruction 

Question 5

> 5 mm width total
2 mm difference from contralateral side

Answer 5

Size of pathologic hip effusion in children 

Question 6

LVOT: measure width at level of annulus, just prior to aortic valve leaflets, in systole (leaflets open), in PSL view

LVOT VTI: measure pulse wave Doppler with gates in outflow tract, in apical-5 view, and trace outline of the velocity curve (i.e. integral of velocity over time wave, which gives distance)

SV = (LVOT/2)^2 x pi x LVOT VTI

CO = SV * HR

Answer 6

Cardiac output measurement

Question 7

<4mm

Answer 7

Normal anterior wall width of the gallbladder 

Question 8

diameter <6 mm

OUTER TO OUTER
ALWAYS MEASURED ANTERIOR TO POSTERIOR (never L to R)

Answer 8

Normal appendix diameter

Question 9

3 mm proximal to retina
Max length is 5 mm
Measure outer to outer
“3x5 index card”

Answer 9

ONSD measurement

Question 10

> 1mm from retina is abnormal

Answer 10

ODE Measurement

Question 11

3 mm in thickness
14 mm in length
“Pi for pyloric stenosis - 3.14”

Answer 11

Normal pyloric muscle measurements 

Question 12

1 mm at age 10
normal is < 4-6 mm ; then add 1 mm for every decade over 60
indeterminate 6-8 mm
dilated > 8 mm
post choley can be 1 cm

Answer 12

CBD measurements