Diagnosis

Question 1

Transmitted pulsatile movement from heart activity
Indicates absence of ventilation
Atelectasis

Answer 1

Lung pulsations

Question 2

Pathognomonic for pneumothorax

The point where the parietal and visceral pleura come back together 

Answer 2

Lung point

Question 3

Pneumothorax
Mainstem intubation
ARDS
Severe pulmonary contusion
Pulmonary fibrosis
Severe asthmatic (no air movement)
Foreign body aspiration 

Answer 3

Differential diagnosis for absent lung sliding 

Question 4

RA/RV diastolic collapse
Mitral/tricuspid flow velocity with > 25% respiratory variation
IVC plethora without respiratory variation
Sonographic pulsus paradoxus 

Answer 4

Signs of cardiac Tamponade

Question 5

Type of reverberation artifact caused by bouncing of sound waves inside of an fluid-filled alveolus that is surrounded by air-filled alveoli

Indicates increased density, not just fluid

Diffuse: CHF, interstitial lung disease, ARDS
Focal: pna, atelectasis, contusion

Answer 5

B lines 

Question 6

Caused by sound waves bouncing between skin and pleura

Looks like horizontal lines in thorax

Indicates air-filled lung (i.e. normal)

Can occur elsewhere such as in pneumoperitoneum

Answer 6

A lines

Question 7

Hyperdynamic EF
Enlarged RV
D-shaped LV (instead of circle)
Paradoxical IVS bowing towards LV in systole

Answer 7

Signs of right heart strain 

Question 8

Abnormal blood flow
Enlarged
Large ovarian cyst
Free fluid
Distended Fallopian tube

Answer 8

Signs of Ovarian torsion

Question 9

15%

Answer 9

Percentage of ovarian torsion with normal flow 

Question 10

Yolk sac inside of gestational sac
Fetal pole (signet ring)
Fetal heart beat

Answer 10

IUP requirements 

Question 11

Appears @ 5-6 weeks GA
bHCG > 1,500 to 2,000
See at 5 weeks transvaginally, 6-7 weeks transabdominally

Answer 11

Yolk sac 

Question 12

Always runs parallel to and ANTERIOR to the portal vein

Portal vein is the large, hyperechoic structure that often runs parallel and on top of the IVC

Lacks color flow

Answer 12

How to locate the CBD? 

Question 13

-“bulls eye”
-diameter > 6 mm
-non-compressible (stays a circle)
-blind end
-tubular
-no peristalsis
-tender with compression
-peri-appendiceal fat
-may see poop appendicolith (will have shadowing!)

Answer 13

Appendicitis criteria

Question 14

Enhanced mesenteric fat
Mesenteric lymphadenopathy
Peri-appendiceal free fluid
Hyperemia on color or power Doppler

Answer 14

Secondary signs of appendicitis 

Question 15

Caused by consolidation in lung

If with air bronchograms:
-dynamic with respiration = pneumonia
-not dynamic (i.e. static) = atelectasis
-pneumonia CAN have static bronchograms too

Answer 15

Hepatization

Question 16

SMA is displaced to the right of the patient
And SMV is to the left

Whirlpool sign

Answer 16

Midgut volvulus

Question 17

What does FAST stand for? 

Answer 17

Focused assessment with sonography in trauma

Question 18

In a deep lung consolidation, how can you
Differentiate between pneumonia and atelectasis? 

Answer 18

Dynamic air bronco grams are seen in pneumonia. Static air bronco grams are seen in atelectasis. 

Question 19

With a pericardial effusion, the fluid is located __________ to the IVC. 

Answer 19

Anterior

Fluid is posterior to the IVC if it is located in the pleural space.

Question 20

What are the primary and secondary signs of acute cholecystitis?

Answer 20

Primary:
- gallstone

Secondary:
- Murphy’s sign
- >3mm
- sludge
- pericholecystic fluid

Question 21

T/F: You can rule out tamponade if the IVC collapses 50% with deep inspiration

Answer 21

True.
In Tamponade, you will have elevated CVP. This causes IVC plethora. If the IVC is collapsible with respiration, Tamponade cannot be present.