Measurement and Experimental Design Flashcards
Term used to describe when an intervention has gone through rigorous, high quality experimentation and has been considered to be of value for specific individuals and/or behaviors of interest
evidence based practice
A term synonymous with “intervention”
independent variable
A term synonymous with “behavior”
dependent variable
Is considered high when there is clear experimental control
internal validity
When this is demonstrated, we have verified that there is a functional relation between the independent and dependent variables - that is, that the change in the dependent variable (behavior) is causally (functionally) related to the implementation of the independent variable
experimental control
Visually demonstrated (through visual analysis of the graphed data) control of the behavior by the intervention
functional relation
Means “consistency” of an experiment
reliability
Means “accuracy” of an experiment
validity
A term referring to the replication of the same or similar results from an experiment; in other words, the degree to which findings have generality across studies
external validity
Refers to a socially significant behavior of interest/focus of research
social validity
Basic experiment examining whether an intervention is effective at changing (increasing or decreasing) the behavior of interest
demonstration
Experiment examining which of two or more interventions are more effective at changing (increasing or decreasing) the behavior of interest
comparison question
Experiment examining what parts of a package intervention are needed for changing (increasing or decreasing) the behavior of interest
component analysis question
Experiment examining how much of an intervention is needed to be effective at changing(increasing or decreasing) the behavior of interest
parametric analysis question
Carrying out a series of studies on one’s own research or carrying out the exact or expanding on the research of others
systematic replication
“an investigator’s attempts to repeat an experimental effect with the same participant”
intra-participant direct replication
“an investigator’s attempts to repeat an experimental effect across participants in the same study”
inter-participant direct replication
A clear and obvious change in the dependent variable either when an independent variable is introduced or removed during experimentation
demonstration of effect
In the research question, “will a telehealth parent coaching procedure increase vocal manding for toddlers with speech delays?” ______________is the Dependent Variable
vocal manding
In the research question, ““will a telehealth parent coaching procedure increase vocal manding for toddlers with speech delays?”, ______________is the Independent Variable
parent coaching
Behavior analysts achieve this when they describe the target in observable and measurable terms.
operational definition
This measurement method involves counting the number behaviors one observes.
frequency
This measurement of behavior involves recording how long a behavior lasts.
duration
This measurement of behavior involves recording the length of time between some antecedent stimuli or cue and the onset of the behavior.
latency
This recording method involves recording the length of time from the offset of one behavior and the onset of the next behavior.
inter-response time
This measurement method involves scoring the behavior as occurring if it happens at any point during an interval.
partial interval recording
This measurement method involves scoring the behavior as occurring if it happens the entire length of an interval.
whole interval recording
This measurement method involves scoring the behavior as occurring if it is happening at the end of an interval.
momentary time sampling
This is a variation on Momentary Time Sampling that involves counting the number of students in a classroom engaged in a target behavior at the designated time in the interval.
PLA-CHECK
This test for reliability is conducted through comparing recorded data of two independent observers, using specific formulas based on type.
interobserver agreement
This recording method requires identification of the number of sessions required to achieve mastery of the target skill or behavior.
trials to criterion
The slope or direction of a data series within a condition.
trend
The degree to which behavior change is observed as soon as the intervention is introduced.
immediacy of change
The horizontal axis on a graph.
abscissa (x axis)
The vertical axis on which the dependent variable is depicted.
ordinate (y axis)
A between conditions analysis of the values of data in one condition that are the same as those in an adjacent condition.
overlap
A method of identifying the trend in highly variable data.
split middle
Used to calculate overlap.
percentage of non-overlapping data
A within conditions pattern meaning the range of values; the opposite of stability.
variability
The extent to which data patterns in one condition are similar to data patterns in similar conditions.
consistency
A within conditions pattern described as high, moderate, or low; an indication of the amount of the behavior that occurs
level
A design which requires one non-reversible behavior and compares two interventions, with multiple sets of behaviors using a multiple probe, time-lagged fashion.
parallel treatments
A design which requires one reversible behavior and compares two or more interventions
alternating treatments
The method used to determine functional relation/experimental control in a Multi-Element/Alternating Treatments Design.
differentiation
This occurs when concerns about sequencing or carryover effects occur during multi-element/alternating treatments designs.
multi-treatment interference
A design which requires one non-reversible behavior and compares two interventions to two or more interventions, each assigned to a specific set of behaviors of equal difficulty.
adapted alternating treatments
True or false: multi-element/alternating treatment designs require baseline
false
True or false: a “best alone” or “best treatment” phase is required in Multi-element/alternating treatment designs
false
true or false: A Multi-Element/Alternating Treatment design can include only a baseline and comparison phase.
true
true or false: A Multi-Element/Alternating Treatment design can include only a comparison phase and a best treatments/best alone phase.
true
true or false: A Multi-Element/Alternating Treatment design cannot only include a comparison phase.
false
