Meal Preperation/Nutrition Flashcards
What is Nutrition?
Process involved with Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption of foods and fluids (Nutrients)
What are the basic needs?
Food and water
What is ingestion?
Taking it in
What is digestion?
Body breaking food down
What is Absorption?
When body is absorbing nutrients, ad putting them where they need to be
What are nutrients?
Substances that are Ingested, Digested and Absorbed
What is a calorie?
Unit of measurement of energy produced as the body burns food.
1g carb = 4 cal
1q protein = 4 cal
1g fat = 8 cal
What does protein do?
Builds muscles Repairs tissues Enzymes Hormones Iron (Binds to hemoglobin, to carry oxygen) 45% of body
Who needs protein?
Anemic Athletes Surgery Cancer Patients Liver failure (Organ failure) Post Partum Bed Sores
Where is protein found?
Meat Red meat Chicken Eggs Fish ^ Complete Legumes (Beans) Peanuts Nuts/seeds - almonds, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, walnuts, cashews Grain Veg (Green leaf vegetables) ^ Incomplete
Hat happens when there is excess protein?
Kidney stones
Osteoporosis
Stores as fat
What do carbohydrates do?
Fuel
Regulates bowels
Where are carbohydrates found?
Pasta Potato Junk Fruit Sugar Honey Beans
What are simple carbs?
Break down quickly (Simple sugars - natural)
What are complex carbs?
Break down slowly (Complex sugars - processed)
What are the 3 things the body takes energy from?
*Body takes energy from proteins, and then fats, and then key tones
Kidney stones can be from low carb diet.
What are fats? And what do they do?
Energy
Helps absorb vitamins and minerals
Act as messengers
Insulation
What are unsaturated fats?
Healthy eg. Mega 3 fish eggs
What are saturated fats?
Not healthy. Trans fats
Infancy and childhood nutrition
Up to 6 months needs breast milk, or formula
Breast milk has the best nutrients for babies, and formula has some nourishment
Then pablum, the rice kind. Because there are not many allergies against it.
Don’t feed them rice and then oatmeal, the baby needs to eat the rice for 3 days and then 3 days with oatmeal to ensure there is no allergy.
Finger foods are introduced from 10 months to a year.
Toddlers need to get the 4 food groups, and you have to be careful for choking hazards
Children need plastic cups, and plastic cutlery, that way it is not breakable and spill proof.
Children are most likely to try something new when you let them help make it.
What is nutrition like for teens to 25 year olds?
Always hungry They eat everything Start counting calories Anorexia, and bulimia start in these years Girls will worry about they're weight
What are effects on diet?
Allergies Age Chewing abilities Likes and dislikes Income
What are things to remember while feeding clients?
Proper diet Preparation 2 clients at a time Teaspoon fed Let client set the pace Make sure your giving proper proportions Offer drinks frequently Allergies Textures Dieticians make diet Temperatures (Pathogens can grow) Clean hands Describe to them where their food is by clock
What are some of the special diets?
Low fat Low sodium Heart healthy Renal Vegetarian/vegan Low sugar Diabetic Lactose intolerant Glutton free High fibre Calorie increasing Fluid diet
Low sodium diets are for..
Congestive heart failures
Diabetics
Diabetic diets consists of?
Nutritional diet
Low sugars
Low sodium
6 Small meals a day
What is glutton free?
No wheat
What is vegetarian versus vegan?
Vegetarians only eat vegetables where vegans will not eat anything that is involved with an animal or insect
What does renal diet consist of?
Low potassium/phosphorus/sodium
Low fluid
What does the heart healthy diet consist of?
Low Sugar
Low cholesterol
Low sodium
What does a low fat diet consist of?
No oils
No butter
No cream
Who needs high calorie diet?
Cancer patients (Nauseated) Little old ladies that are not thriving
What is lactose free?
No dairy
What is a fluid diet?
Clear (Water based) Full (Milk, Oatmeal, pudding) After Flu After Surgery Before surgery
What are the textures?
Reg (No restrictions) Chopped (Bite size) Minced (Finer sizes) Puree (Baby food, chunk-less, fluid added) Dental Soft (No teeth)
What is fluid consistency?
Regular Nectar (Thick) Honey (Thick) Pudding (Thick) People that have had a stroke will drink this Gag reflexes
*What is Dysphagia?
Difficulty swallowing Common in old people CVA Parkinson's Paralysis Spinal cord injuries Neurological disorders Cancer of neck or head
What are the 4 phases of swallowing?
4 Phases
Prepatory (Saliva, and chewing)
Oral (Tongue Moving the food towards the back)
Pharyngeal (Throat muscle, actual swallow, breathing temporarily stops)
Esopnegal (Food moving threw the esophagus)
What is fluid balance?
Normal intake: 2- 2.5L Intake (Melons, soup, gravy, fruit, yogurt, ice cream) Output (pee) Dehydration - Output exceeds input Edema - Intake exceeds output
What are signs and symptoms of dehydration?
Lethargy Nausea and vomiting Headache Urine output Concentrated urine Dizziness Muscle cramps Confusion Dry mouth Constipated Enlarged tongue Sunken eyes Skin turgor Babies Alcoholics Athletes Sick Ill Diabetic
What are special fluid orders?
Encourage fluids
Fluid Restrict
NPO
