Me Myself and I

Question 1

What is the difference between samples and populations?

Answer 1

Samples are a subset of an entire population

Question 2

What is sampling error?

Answer 2

Mistakes or random errors found within the sample making the sampling not representative of a population

Question 3

How can sampling error arise?

Answer 3

Random variation/ misinterpretation/ sample size /

Question 4

What is meant by a null hypothesise ?

Answer 4

A statement suggesting there is no relationship between the two variables.

Question 5

What is meant by the alternative hypothesis?

Answer 5

Statement which opposes the null hypothesis and explains there is a relationship between two factors or variables.

Question 6

What is the chi-squared test used for?

Answer 6

to find whether the difference between two variables is due to chance or is caused by something.

Question 7

Describe the chi-squared test.

Answer 7

(sum of all observed values - sum of all expected values)^2 divided by expected

Question 8

What is a biological parameter?

Answer 8

A way of measuring a biological component, e.g. Length/ mass…

Question 9

What does the chi-squared test assume?

Answer 9

variables are categorised / observations are mutually exclusive and most expected values are greater than 5

Question 10

What statistical test can be used for small samples in replacement of the chi-squared test?

Answer 10

Fisher test

Question 11

What does the t-value tell us?

Answer 11

The size of difference between groups

Question 12

What does the p-value tell us in a statistical test?

Answer 12

p<0.05 there is a statistical significance between the two values

Question 13

What p-value do we need to reject the null hypothesis?

Answer 13

LOW P<0.05// As this tells us there is a significance between the data

Question 14

What does the degrees of freedom tell us?

Answer 14

The number of independent variables involved in a test (1- number of variables)

Question 16

What does a t-test measure?

Answer 16

If the mean of one group is statistically different from the mean of another group.

Question 17

What does standard error/ deviation tell us?

Answer 17

The variation between calculated mean of population and the actual

Question 18

What is the purpose of regression models?

Answer 18

To describe the relationship between a dependent and independent variable

Question 19

What are residuals?

Answer 19

The differences between observed values and those predicted by the regression line (line of best fit)

Question 20

What does the r^2 value tell us?

Answer 20

How ‘well’ the regression line represents the data

Question 21

What does the 95% coefficient tell us?

Answer 21

you are 95% confident in your data set

Question 22

What does a larger confidence interval suggest

Answer 22

There is a larger amount of uncertainty

Question 23

What is meant by a multivariate linear model?

Answer 23

measures multiple variables, to predict outcomes

Question 24

What is meant by longitudinal and cross-sectional data?

Answer 24

Longitudinal = data collected from following one individual over a period of time// cross -sectional= collected data from different individuals at one specific moment in time.