Me 3.9 Social, Cognitive, and Neurological Factors in Learning

Question 1

preparedness

Answer 1

an organism’s readiness or predisposition to be conditioned in certain ways due to its evolutionary history.

Question 2

predictability

Answer 2

describes the likelihood at which an event is going to occur

Question 3

expectancy

Answer 3

the internal state resulting from experience with predictable relationships between stimuli or between responses and stimuli

Question 4

cognitive map

Answer 4

a mental representation of the layout of ones’ environment. For example, after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned a cognitive map of it.

Question 5

latent learning

Answer 5

learning that occurs, but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.

Question 6

Insight learning

Answer 6

a sudden realisation of a problem’s solution

Question 7

observational learning

Answer 7

the acquisition of knowledge through watching others.

Question 8

vicarious conditioning

Answer 8

the act of learning things through observing the reactions, attitudes, and emotions of others rather than direct exposure

Question 9

mirror neurons

Answer 9

neurones that some scientists believe fire when we perform certain actions or observe another doing so. The brain’s mirroring of another’s action may enable imitation and empathy.

Question 10

theory of mind

Answer 10

a person’s general understanding that the people around them each have their own unique beliefs, perceptions, and desires.

Question 11

Bandura’s famous Bobo doll experiment

Answer 11

Children hit a doll if they observe adults hitting a doll.