Me 3.3a Gender and Sexual Orientation: Gender Development Flashcards
sex
biological status defined by your chromosomes and anatomy.
Male or female
Relational aggression
an act of aggression intended to harm a person’s relationship or social standing. (committed more by females
gender
the socially influenced characteristics by which people define boy, girl, man, and woman.
Intersex
individuals born with unusual combinations of male and female chromosomes, hormones, and anatomy.
male answer syndrome
describes a subject’s exaggerated willingness to answer (or inability to resist the impulse to answer) factual questions regardless of the subject’s lack of knowledge of the relevant phenomena or circumstances.
mansplaining
explanation of something by a man, typically to a woman, in a manner regarded as condescending or patronising.
testosterone
the most important male sex hormone. Males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs during the fetal period, and the development of male sex characteristics during puberty:
estrogens
sex hormones, such as estradiol, that contribute to female sex characteristics and are secreted in greater amounts by females than by males.
Primary sex characteristics
the body structures (ovaries, testes, etc.) that make reproduction possible.
spermarche
the first ejaculation for a male around age 14
Secondary sex characteristics
non-reproductive sexual traits → side effects of puberty (breast growth, widening of hips, deepening of voice, body hair, etc.)
menarche
the first menstrual period for a female around age 12 and a half
Klinefelter syndrome
a genetic male may be born with two or more X chromosomes as well as a Y chromosome
Turner syndrome
Genetic females born with only one normal X chromosome
gender-affirming surgery
the surgical procedure(s) by which a transgender or non-binary person’s physical appearance and functional abilities are changed to align with the gender they know themselves to be.
role
a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave.
gender role
a set of expected behaviours, attitudes, and traits for men and for women. (What others think)
sexual aggression
any physical or verbal behaviour of a sexual nature that is unwanted or intended to harm someone physically or emotionally.
gender identity
our personal sense of being male, female, neither, or some combination of male and female, regardless of whether this identity matches
our sex assigned at birth, and the social affiliation that may result from this identity. (What we think)
social learning theory
the theory that we learn social behaviour by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished.
gender typing
the process by which a child attributes himself or herself to a certain gender through adopting stereotypical behaviours of that gender
androgyny
a type of gender presentation that mixes masculinity and femininity
sexual orientation
who you’re attracted to and want to have relationships with. Sexual orientations include gay, lesbian, straight, bisexual, and asexual.
