Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Hematology/Lymph > MDT's Immune System > Flashcards

MDT's Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

What is an allergy?

A

Immunologically mediated hypersensitivity reaction to a foreign antigen manifested by tissue inflammation and organ dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the clinical expression of allergic disease depend on?

A
  • Prior immunologic responsiveness
  • Antigen exposure
  • Genetically influenced host factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two time frames for allergic reactions?

A
  • Immediate (within 60 minutes)

- Delayed (appearing hours/weeks after exposure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is anaphylaxis?

A

Most serious and potentially life-threatening manifestation of mast cell and basophil mediator release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is anaphylaxis clinically defined?

A
  • Acute onset of illness involving skin/mucosal tissue and either respiratory compromise or hypotension ( systolic <90mmHg or 30% drop)
  • Likely allergen exposure followed by 2+ of the following:
  • Skin/mucosal involvement
  • Respiratory compromise
  • Hypotension
  • Persistent GI Sx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Timeframe for Food allergy reaction?

A
  • Within 2 hours

- Much less common in adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the most common anaphylactic food reactions?

A
  • Shellfish
  • Peanuts
  • Tree nuts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Diagnosis of food allergies relies on?

A
  • History
  • Skin tests
  • Specific IgE tests
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Symptoms/Physical findings of allergic reaction?

A
  • Usually within 30 minutes
  • Skin manifestations such as Urticaria, flushing, blotchy rashes
  • Respiratory distress: wheezing, stridor
  • GI Sx’s: cramping, emesis, diarrhea
  • Hypotension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Treatment of allergic reaction?

A
  • Epinephrine
  • Oxygen
  • IV Fluids (NS)
  • Airway management
  • Antihistamines (Benadryl, losartan, Claritin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Initial care/follow up for allergic reation?

A
  • Monitor for delayed repeat anaphylaxis (can be up to 4 hours)
  • Referral to allergist:
  • Concern for future reactions
  • New/unexplained onset
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Urticaria?

A
  • Formation of allergen mediated rash
  • Evanescent wheals/hives
  • Intense itching
  • Special features
  • Acute, but self-limited (1-2 weeks)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What special features are seen with urticaria?

A
  • Dermatographism
  • Cholinergic urticaria
  • Solar urticaria
  • Cold urticaria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is chronic urticaria?

A

Episodes lasting longer than 6 weeks

- may have autoimmune basis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Symptoms/physical findings of Urticaria?

A
  • Lesions are itchy, red swellings (mm to cm)
  • Morphology of lesions may vary over minutes to hours
  • Lesions last <24hrs, often only 2-4 hrs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Treatment of Urticaria?

A
  • Antihistamines

- Detailed Hx for tailored treatments

17
Q

Complications of urticaria?

A
  • Cellulitis from itching
  • Anaphylaxis
  • Asthma attacks
18
Q

What is angioedema?

A

Swelling of vascular tissue involving deeper subcutaneous tissue with swelling of the lips, eyelids, palms, soles, and genitalia

19
Q

Overview of angioedema?

A
  • Allergen mediated (usually food allergy)
  • Can be hereditary
  • Urticaria is not part of the syndrome
  • Laryngeal angioedema can be life-threatening during anaphylaxis
20
Q

Triggers for Angioedema?

A
  • NSAIDS
  • ACE inhibitors
  • Estrogens
  • ASA
  • CCB
  • Amiodarone
21
Q

Treatment of angioedema?

A
  • May need to intubate if involving mouth, face, or airway
  • For anaphylaxis: Epinephrine, Antihistamines, Steroids
  • Stop offending agent
22
Q

What is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?

A
  • Inflammatory autoimmune disorder characterized by autoantibodies to nuclear agents
  • Can affect multiple organ systems
  • Marked by spontaneous remission and relapses
  • Occurs mainly in young women, 85%
  • Joint symptoms in 90%
23
Q

Symptoms/physical findings Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?

A
  • Systemic features (fever, malaise, anorexia, weight loss)
  • Skin lesions
  • Alopecia
  • Joint symptoms (w/ or w/out synovitis)
  • Ocular manifestations
  • Neurological complications
24
Q

Labs/Studies/EKG for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?

A
  • Antinuclear antibody tests
  • Sedimentation rate and CRP for inflammation
  • Can see anemia/thrombocytopenia
  • Elevated LFT’s, BUN/Creatinine
25
Q

Treatment for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?

A
  • Pt education and emotional support
  • Cautioned against sun exposure
  • Rest/NSAIDS for minor joint pain
  • Systemic Tx only prescribed by Rheumatologist

Hematology/Lymph (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions