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Immunology (By: Ben + Dustin) > MCQs > Flashcards

MCQs Flashcards

1
Q

Main functions of basophil granulocytes
A synthesis of complements
B phagocytosis and synthesis of complements
C phagocytosis
D histamine production
E same as the function of eosinophil ones

A

D

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2
Q 
Role of IL6 in B cell maturation
A costimulation
B improving MHC expression
C activation of Th1 cells
D terminal differentiation in B cell maturation to plasma cell
E very similar to the function of IL1
A

D

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3
Q

Antibodies in the organism
A in blood plasma and in lymph
B in blood plasma, in lymph, on B and T cell surfaces
C in blood plasma, in lymph, on T cell surfaces
D in blood plasma, in lymph, on B cell surfaces
E in lymph, on T cell surfaces

A

D

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4
Q 
Cytokine receptors are characterized
A with high affinity and in small number
B with high affinity and in great number
C with low affinity and in small number
D with low affinity and in great number
E belonging to the integrin super family
A

A

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5
Q 
Chemotactic substance
A IL-6
B IL-7
C IL-8
D IL-9
E IL-4
A

C

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6
Q 
The immunoglobulin classes found on B cell surfaces in the beginning of
maturation
A IgM and IgD
B IgG or IgE
C IgG
D either of the immunoglobulins
E IgE
A

A

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7
Q

Extravasation of lymphocytes
A cells avoid HEV
B process through the nuclear membrane helped by selectins andlectins
C process helped by diverse adhesive proteins
D integrins, CD44 and T cell receptors cooperate in it
E macrophage migration

A

C

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8
Q

Which statements is valid for HEV-s?
A they are found in all immune organs
B they are special postcapillary venules found permanently in lymph
nodes and GALT
C tissue lymphocytes enter the circulation through their wall
D lymphocytes quit circulation and enter the red pulp through their wall
E in spleen they are important entry sites of lymphocytes

A

B

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9
Q 
Complement genes in the MHC III region
A C1, C2, C3
B C2, C3, C4
C C2, C3, B
D C2, C4, B
E None of above is correct.
A

D

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10
Q 
Size of the peptide in MHC II
A random
B approx. 10-24 amino acids
C 9-10 amino acids
D 3-4 amino acids
E 8-9 nucleotides
A

B

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11
Q 
Mutual inhibitiors:
A IFNg and TNFa
B IFNg and MHC expression
C IL-4 and IL-5
D IL-4 and IgE
E IFNg and IL-4
A

E

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12
Q 
IgG mediated pathological process:
A 1. type hypersensitivity reaction
B 2. type hypersensitivity reaction
C 3. type hypersensitivity reaction
D 4. type hypersensitivity reaction
E 5. type hypersensitivity reaction
A

B

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13
Q

Immune reactions are sensitive since
A they are carried about by activated cells
B activated cells and antibodies contribute to them
C amplifying mechanisms operate in immune activations
D inborn reactions serve for them
E they are adaptive

A

C

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14
Q

The role of antibodies in the immune response to tumors
A in most cases they inhibit the effective immune response
B in all cases they promote the effective immune response
C by inactivating complements they promote the effective immune
response
D they inhibit NK cells
E they have no role in the immune response to tumor cells

A

A

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15
Q 
Defense mechanisms against soluble bacterial toxins
A interferons
B antibodies
C T cytotoxic lymphocytes
D NK cells
E keratinocytes
A

B

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16
Q

Bacteria are recognized by lectins through
A cell wall peptides
B complement factors
C carbohydrates
D Fc portion of the binding immunoglobulins
E IgE

A

C

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17
Q 
The process of phagocytosis is directly not involved in
A antibody synthesis
B elimination
C antigen presentation
D inflammation
E bacterial killing
A

A

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18
Q 
A non-local process
A complement activation
B platelet aggregation
C chemotaxis
D acute phase reaction
E graft versus host reaction
A

D

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19
Q 
MHC "mimicri" is
A an effective protection against autoimmune diseases
B favoring infectious diseases
C observed in case of MHC II
D observed in case of MHC I
E observed in case of MHC III
A

B

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20
Q 
The appearance of TCR without CD3
A on T memory cells
B in T cell maturation in the bone marrow
C never
D TCR is never in complex with CD3
E transiently in double positive T cells
A

C

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21
Q

Secondary immune organs are for
A antigen recognition and activation of lymphocytes
B distinction between self and non-self
C the assembly of antigen recognizing lymphocytes
D antigen presentation
E secondary immune response

A

A

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22
Q 
Cytokine of Th1 character
A IFN alpha
B IFN beta
C IFN gamma
D IFN omega
E IL-6
A

C

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23
Q 
Effective defense mechanisms against tumor cells
A complement
B antibody and complement
C Th cells
D T cytotoxic and NK cells
E antibodies
A

D

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24
Q 
Role of fetal liver
A Excretion.
B Source of fetal immunoglobulins
C Source of bone marrow stem cell
D Same as in the adult liver
E The destination of T-cell migration
A

C

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25
Q 
Cytokines are pleiotropic since
A they act in concert with other cytokines
B they have different functions
C they are specific for the antigen
D they are not specific for the antigen
E they act in a consecutive manner
A

B

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26
Q

Case of MHC incompatibility
A Anti-D antobody is given to avoid complications
B has importance only in bone marrow transplantation
C immunological rejection follows
D T cells die by programmed cell death
E when immunoglobulins do not transfer from maternal to fetal spaces

A

C

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27
Q

B lymphocyte entering the lymph node dies if:

A it is reached by antigen
B it is not reached by antigen
C it does not recognize self MHC
D it reacts with self MHC
E In both case of C and D
A

B

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28
Q 
It has IgE binding capacity
A Fc gamma receptors
B Fc alpha receptors
C CD23
D CD44
E CD1
A

C

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29
Q

Choose the wrong answer! Characteristics of T-independent antigens
A Some of them are mitogenic at high concentration (induce polyclonal
B cell activation)
B They are the smaller fraction of the environmental antigens
C They are able to cross-link the B cell antigen receptor
D They induce memory
E They do not induce isotype switch

A

D

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30
Q 
It elevates permeability and has chemotactic activity:
A C1q
B C2
C C3
D C3a
E C3b
A

D

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31
Q 
Biological roles of the complement system
A antibody production against bacteria
B cellular immunity against bacteria
C lysis of bacteria
D inhibition of bacterial multiplication
E inhibition of viral multiplication
A

C

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32
Q

Fc receptors
A soluble proteins
B autoantibodies
C membrane receptors interacting with MHC
D membrane receptors interacting with IgG Fc region
E cytokine antagonists

A

D

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33
Q

Genetic background of MHC polymorphism
A several polymorphic sites in the introns
B several polymorphic sites in the exons
C no introns in the genes
D genetic rearrangement in the bone marrow
E sister chromatid exchange

A

B

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34
Q 
The location of MHC in the genome
A regulated by oncogenes
B changes with phylogeny
C became fixed in phylogeny
D X or Y chromosome may contain
E Only on Y chromosomes
A

C

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35
Q 
The place of affinity maturation:
A Bone marrow
B Thymus
C Embryonic liver cell
D Periphery
E Every place along the whole B cell ontogenesis
A

D

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36
Q 
Myeloperoxidase is acting in this kind of cells
A neutrophilic granulocyte
B macrophage
C eosinophilic granulocyte
D B cell
E plasma cell
A

A

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37
Q 
IgA is found
A in body fluids
B in T cell receptors of body fluids
C in B cell surface receptor complex
D in T cell surface receptor complex
E as a dimmer of Ig alpha
A

A

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38
Q 
Ligands for Fc-gamma receptors
A N terminus of IgG
B C terminus of IgG
C C terminus of IgM
D C terminus of immunoglobulin light chain
E N terminus of kappa chain
A

B

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39
Q 
The receptor of HIV is
A CD2
B CD3
C CD4
D CD8
A

C

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40
Q

The way of action of cytotoxic T cells is
A cytokine production
B killer activity on MHC Class II/exogenous antigen peptide presenting
cells
C killer activity on MHC Class I/endogeneous antigen peptide
presenting cells
D they produce cytotoxic antibodies

A

C

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41
Q 
It has pentameric form in the plasma
A IgG
B IgA
C IgE
D IgM
A

D

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42
Q 
The regulation of Ig class switch is mediated by
A genetic program
B steroid hormones
C cytotoxic T cells
D helper T cells
A

D

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43
Q 
The variable parts of the immunoglobulins are at
A C terminal of the chains
B N terminal of the chains
C in the middle of the molecule
D in the plasma membrane
A

B

44
Q 
Both immunoglobulins and T cell receptors are characterized by
A fibrillar shape
B domain like globular structure
C DNA binding feature
D hydrophobic nature
A

B

45
Q 
The major source of heterogeneity of Igs and TCRs
A MHC polymorphism
B somatic mutations
C inheritance
D gene rearrangement
A

D

46
Q 
The number of hypervariable regions in Igs and TCRs is
A 3
B 30
C 300
D more
A

A

47
Q

The number of thymocytes during the maturation
A increases
B decreases
C after antigen stimuli it increases
D after antigen stimuli it is not changed

A

B

48
Q

Negative selection in thymus means
A cells recognizing the MHC die
B cells failing to recognize the MHC die
C cells recognizing MHC + self antigen die
D cells recognizing MHC + foreign antigen die

A

C

49
Q 
The most important effect of IL-2
A induces T cell differentiation
B induces T cell proliferation
C induces B cell differentiation
D induces B cell proliferation
A

B

50
Q

The peptides from the endogenous antigens are presented together with
A MHC Class I antigens
B MHC Class II antigens
C the cellular antigens with MHC Class I, the soluble ones with MHC
Class II antigens
D depends on the actual activation of antigen presenting cell

A

A

51
Q

The fate of the endogenous antigens within the antigen presenting cells
A they enter the lysosomes, but escape the enzymatic degradation
B they never enter the lysosomes, therefore remain intact
C peptides are generated in the proteosomes
D they remain intact if entering the proteosomes

A

C

52
Q 
MHC Class I complex binds peptides of a size
A 10-24
B 9-10
C 3-4
D random size
A

B

53
Q 
MHC Class II antigen/peptide complex recognized by
A macrophages
B B lymphocytes
C CD4 + (helper) T cells
D CD8 + cytotoxic T cells
A

C

54
Q 
CD8 chain binds to
A Variable part of MHC I
B Variable part of MHC II
C Constant part of MHC I
D Constant part of MHC II
A

C

55
Q 
This property is not true for an antigen recognizing molecule
A specificity
B connection with amplifying mechanisms
C the specificity is inherited
D expressed by lymphocytes
A

C

56
Q 
This substance does not have chemotactic effect
A C3a
B C3b
C IL-8
D bacterial peptides
A

B

57
Q 
Which receptor has no role in phagocytosis
A FcR
B C3R
C IL-2R
D Lectin R
A

C

58
Q 
This factor has a negative regulatory effect in phagocytosis
A IL-4
B IL-9
C corticosteroids
D gamma interferon
A

C

59
Q 
These cells have no signaling function in inflammation
A B lymphocytes
B keratinocytes
C macrophages
D fibroblasts
A

A

60
Q 
Belongs to the acute phase proteins
A albumin
B complement receptors
C IL-6
D IL-1
A

A

61
Q 
The concentration of CRP in acute phase
A increases 1.5-2 fold
B increases 10 fold
C increases 100 fold or more
D decreases
A

C

62
Q 
Tumor escape can be due to
A Enhanced MHC expression
B Decreased MHC expression
C Increased soluble MHC
D Expression of monomorphic MHC
A

B

63
Q 
Which cytokine promotes angiogenesis around the tumor
A IL-1
B TNF-beta
C TGF- beta
D IL-6
A

C

64
Q 
This effector mechanism seems to play no role in anti-tumor immunity
A IgE-dependent allergic mechanism
B cytotoxic T cells
C NK cells
D activated macrophages
A

A

65
Q

The natural autoantibodies are
A low affinity, cross-reacting autoantibodies
B high affinity, cross-reacting autoantibodies
C low affinity, monospecific autoantibodies
D high affinity, monospecific autoantibodies

A

A

66
Q

Type I hypersensitivity reaction is characterised by
A IgE response related to immediate reactions
B Antibodies
C Antigen-antibody complexes
D Delayed type cellular reactions

A

A

67
Q 
Immune response against intracellular bacteria is mediated mostly by
A IgE and eosinophils
B antibodies and/or complement
C Cytotoxic T cells
D activated macrophages
A

D

68
Q

What is immunological “homunculus”?
A Regulatory interaction between nervous and immune system
B Obligate reaction of the immune system to dominant antigens
C Cortical projection of immune mechanisms
D Set of lymphocytes, generating anti-idiotypic antibodies.

A

B

69
Q 
(after midterm material) The autoimmune diseases are
A caused by autoantibodies
B inherited disorders
C enhanced by estrogens
E always systemic
A

C

70
Q 
The reaction of the immune system to the “non-self” antigens is
A recognition and elimination
B immune tolerance
C presentation and antibody formation
D can be ignorance
A

D

71
Q

Extravasation of lymphocytes
A cells avoid HEV
B process through the nuclear membrane helped by selectins and
lectins
C process helped by diverse adhesive proteins
D integrins, CD44 and T cell receptors cooperate in it

A

C

72
Q 
“Homing” receptors
A are found on the surface of macrophages
B found on lymphocytes
C found on endothelial cells
D found only on activated B cells
A

B

73
Q 
Gene of the cytokine located in region MHC III
A IL-1
B IFN gamma
C TNF-alpha
D TGF beta
A

C

74
Q 
Defense mechanisms against bacterial toxins
A activated macrophages
B antibody and complement
C T cytotoxic lymphocytes
D NK cells
A

B

75
Q 
“Invariant” gamma chain has its role in
A processing of exogenous antigens
B processing of endogenous antigens
C synthesis of MHC II molecules
D synthesis of MHC I molecules
A

A

76
Q 
Positive feed-back happens in complement activation due to
A binding of factor B to C4b
B binding of C3 to C4
C MAC containing several C9
D binding of factor B to C3b
A

D

77
Q 
Th1-like cytokines are produced by
A NK cells
B eosinophil granulocyte
C basophil granulocyte
D erythroblast
A

A

78
Q 
Effector with no role in effective defense against tumors
A T cytotoxic cell
B NK cell
C IgE dependent allergy reaction
D activated macrophages
A

C

79
Q 
Primary selection in the thymus
A negative selection
B positive selection
C random selection
D spontaneous cell death
A

B

80
Q 
Do not belong to adhesive molecules
A integrins
B CD44
C selectins
D CD34
A

D

81
Q 
Defensins in structure are
A cyclic nucleotides
B proteins connected with heme
C aromatic hydrocarbons
D cyclic peptides
A

D

82
Q 
Concentration of albumin in acute phase reaction
A increases by 1.5-2 times
B increases by 10 times
C increases by 100 or more
D decreases
A

D

83
Q

High affinity FcEpsilon receptors are
A on B lymphocytes
B on B and T lymphocytes
C on basophil granulocytes and mast cells
D on neutrophil granulocytes and plasma cells

A

C

84
Q

Adhesive proteins play part in
A interaction of phagocytes and foreign particles
B interaction leukocytes and the extracellular matrix
C majority of cell-to-cell interactions
D Ig and TCR gene rearrangement

A

C

85
Q 
Main function of neutrophil granulocyte
A synthesis of complements
B phagocytosis and synthesis of complements
C phagocytosis
D histamine synthesis
A

C

86
Q

Antibody polypeptide chains are held together by ionic bonds
A only in cell surface B cell receptor complex
B in antibody molecules of body fluids
C covalent ester bonds have also a role
D covalent disulphide bonds have also a role

A

D

87
Q 
Main function of neutrophil granulocyte
A synthesis of complements
B phagocytosis and synthesis of complements
C phagocytosis
D histamine synthesis
A

C

88
Q 
Tumor escape can be due to
A Enhanced MHC expression
B Decreased MHC expression
C Increased soluble MHC
D Expression of monomorphic MHC
A

B

89
Q 
Cells having IL-6 receptors before inflammation
A mesodermal cells
B liver cells
C pituitary cells
D macrophages
A

D

90
Q

The T helper 1 and T helper 2 cells differ from each other in
A their cytotoxicity
B cytokine pattern
C Th1 enhances humoral immunity, Th2 decreases it
D Th1 are mor matured cells

A

B

91
Q 
The secondary immune response has
A longer latency and higher amplitude
B shorter latency and higher amplitude
C longer latency and lower amplitude
D shorter latency and lower amplitude
A

B

92
Q 
The background of affinity maturation is
A effect of T helper cells and cytokines
B Ig class switch
C dimerization of surface immunoglobulins
D mutations during divisions
A

D

93
Q 
Monoclonal antibodies are
A products of artificially fused T cells
B products of artificially fused B cells
C Homogeneous inactive, immunoglobulin-like protein
D antibodies without light chains
A

B

94
Q

Which of the statements is false
A the concentration of cytokines in plasma is regularly low
B the cytokines are multifunctional molecules
C the cytokines are antigen-specific
D the cytokines are redundant

A

C

95
Q 
They are professional phagocytes, except:
A macrophages
B basophils
C neutrophils
D monocytes
A

B

96
Q 
Role of IL-6 in B cell maturation
A costimulation
B improving MHC expression
C activation of Th1 cells
D terminal differentiation if B cell maturation to plasma cell
A

D

97
Q 
The rearrangement is performed at the level of
A DNA
B mRNA
C protein
D all three
A

D

98
Q 
The size of TCR repertoire is approximately
A 1 million
B 100 million
C 1 billion
D more
A

D

99
Q 
This is not an antigen presenting cell
A B lymphocyte
B macrophage
C dendritic cells
D neutrophil granulocyte
A

D

100
Q

Immunoglobulins are
A tetramers of 2 heavy and 2 light chains
B dimers of heavy and light chains
C dimers of heavy or dimers of light chains
D non covalent tetramers of heavy and light chains

A

A

101
Q 
CD4 chain binds to
A variable part of MHC I
B variable part of MHCII
C constant part of MHC I
D constant part of MHC II
A

D

102
Q 
The MHC antigens are
A intracellular proteins
B plasma membrane glycoproteins
C nuclear proteins
D soluble proteins
A

B

103
Q 
The MHC Class I antigens are
A homodimers of a variable chain
B heterodimers of a variable and a constant (beta-2 microglobulin) chain
C heterodimers of two variable chains
D heterodimers of two constant chains
A

B

104
Q 
Cytokine with central significance in inflammation
A IL-4
B IL-5
C IL-6
D IL-8
A

C

105
Q

The redundancy of the cytokines means
A one cytokine has mostly more than one function
B there are many cytokines in the body fluids
C the cytokines are acting on each other
D one physiological function is regulated by many cytokines

A

D

106
Q 
Crucial element in type III hypersensitivity
A IgE
B IgG antibodies
C immunocomplexes
D T cells
A

C

107
Q 
Complement protein acting only in alternative complement pathway
A C3
B B
C C2
D C5
A

B

Immunology (By: Ben + Dustin) (12 decks)

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