MCQs Flashcards
Main functions of basophil granulocytes
A synthesis of complements
B phagocytosis and synthesis of complements
C phagocytosis
D histamine production
E same as the function of eosinophil ones
D
Role of IL6 in B cell maturation A costimulation B improving MHC expression C activation of Th1 cells D terminal differentiation in B cell maturation to plasma cell E very similar to the function of IL1
D
Antibodies in the organism
A in blood plasma and in lymph
B in blood plasma, in lymph, on B and T cell surfaces
C in blood plasma, in lymph, on T cell surfaces
D in blood plasma, in lymph, on B cell surfaces
E in lymph, on T cell surfaces
D
Cytokine receptors are characterized A with high affinity and in small number B with high affinity and in great number C with low affinity and in small number D with low affinity and in great number E belonging to the integrin super family
A
Chemotactic substance A IL-6 B IL-7 C IL-8 D IL-9 E IL-4
C
The immunoglobulin classes found on B cell surfaces in the beginning of maturation A IgM and IgD B IgG or IgE C IgG D either of the immunoglobulins E IgE
A
Extravasation of lymphocytes
A cells avoid HEV
B process through the nuclear membrane helped by selectins andlectins
C process helped by diverse adhesive proteins
D integrins, CD44 and T cell receptors cooperate in it
E macrophage migration
C
Which statements is valid for HEV-s?
A they are found in all immune organs
B they are special postcapillary venules found permanently in lymph
nodes and GALT
C tissue lymphocytes enter the circulation through their wall
D lymphocytes quit circulation and enter the red pulp through their wall
E in spleen they are important entry sites of lymphocytes
B
Complement genes in the MHC III region A C1, C2, C3 B C2, C3, C4 C C2, C3, B D C2, C4, B E None of above is correct.
D
Size of the peptide in MHC II A random B approx. 10-24 amino acids C 9-10 amino acids D 3-4 amino acids E 8-9 nucleotides
B
Mutual inhibitiors: A IFNg and TNFa B IFNg and MHC expression C IL-4 and IL-5 D IL-4 and IgE E IFNg and IL-4
E
IgG mediated pathological process: A 1. type hypersensitivity reaction B 2. type hypersensitivity reaction C 3. type hypersensitivity reaction D 4. type hypersensitivity reaction E 5. type hypersensitivity reaction
B
Immune reactions are sensitive since
A they are carried about by activated cells
B activated cells and antibodies contribute to them
C amplifying mechanisms operate in immune activations
D inborn reactions serve for them
E they are adaptive
C
The role of antibodies in the immune response to tumors
A in most cases they inhibit the effective immune response
B in all cases they promote the effective immune response
C by inactivating complements they promote the effective immune
response
D they inhibit NK cells
E they have no role in the immune response to tumor cells
A
Defense mechanisms against soluble bacterial toxins A interferons B antibodies C T cytotoxic lymphocytes D NK cells E keratinocytes
B
Bacteria are recognized by lectins through
A cell wall peptides
B complement factors
C carbohydrates
D Fc portion of the binding immunoglobulins
E IgE
C
The process of phagocytosis is directly not involved in A antibody synthesis B elimination C antigen presentation D inflammation E bacterial killing
A
A non-local process A complement activation B platelet aggregation C chemotaxis D acute phase reaction E graft versus host reaction
D
MHC "mimicri" is A an effective protection against autoimmune diseases B favoring infectious diseases C observed in case of MHC II D observed in case of MHC I E observed in case of MHC III
B
The appearance of TCR without CD3 A on T memory cells B in T cell maturation in the bone marrow C never D TCR is never in complex with CD3 E transiently in double positive T cells
C
Secondary immune organs are for
A antigen recognition and activation of lymphocytes
B distinction between self and non-self
C the assembly of antigen recognizing lymphocytes
D antigen presentation
E secondary immune response
A
Cytokine of Th1 character A IFN alpha B IFN beta C IFN gamma D IFN omega E IL-6
C
Effective defense mechanisms against tumor cells A complement B antibody and complement C Th cells D T cytotoxic and NK cells E antibodies
D
Role of fetal liver A Excretion. B Source of fetal immunoglobulins C Source of bone marrow stem cell D Same as in the adult liver E The destination of T-cell migration
C
Cytokines are pleiotropic since A they act in concert with other cytokines B they have different functions C they are specific for the antigen D they are not specific for the antigen E they act in a consecutive manner
B
Case of MHC incompatibility
A Anti-D antobody is given to avoid complications
B has importance only in bone marrow transplantation
C immunological rejection follows
D T cells die by programmed cell death
E when immunoglobulins do not transfer from maternal to fetal spaces
C
B lymphocyte entering the lymph node dies if:
A it is reached by antigen B it is not reached by antigen C it does not recognize self MHC D it reacts with self MHC E In both case of C and D
B
It has IgE binding capacity A Fc gamma receptors B Fc alpha receptors C CD23 D CD44 E CD1
C
Choose the wrong answer! Characteristics of T-independent antigens
A Some of them are mitogenic at high concentration (induce polyclonal
B cell activation)
B They are the smaller fraction of the environmental antigens
C They are able to cross-link the B cell antigen receptor
D They induce memory
E They do not induce isotype switch
D
It elevates permeability and has chemotactic activity: A C1q B C2 C C3 D C3a E C3b
D
Biological roles of the complement system A antibody production against bacteria B cellular immunity against bacteria C lysis of bacteria D inhibition of bacterial multiplication E inhibition of viral multiplication
C
Fc receptors
A soluble proteins
B autoantibodies
C membrane receptors interacting with MHC
D membrane receptors interacting with IgG Fc region
E cytokine antagonists
D
Genetic background of MHC polymorphism
A several polymorphic sites in the introns
B several polymorphic sites in the exons
C no introns in the genes
D genetic rearrangement in the bone marrow
E sister chromatid exchange
B
The location of MHC in the genome A regulated by oncogenes B changes with phylogeny C became fixed in phylogeny D X or Y chromosome may contain E Only on Y chromosomes
C
The place of affinity maturation: A Bone marrow B Thymus C Embryonic liver cell D Periphery E Every place along the whole B cell ontogenesis
D
Myeloperoxidase is acting in this kind of cells A neutrophilic granulocyte B macrophage C eosinophilic granulocyte D B cell E plasma cell
A
IgA is found A in body fluids B in T cell receptors of body fluids C in B cell surface receptor complex D in T cell surface receptor complex E as a dimmer of Ig alpha
A
Ligands for Fc-gamma receptors A N terminus of IgG B C terminus of IgG C C terminus of IgM D C terminus of immunoglobulin light chain E N terminus of kappa chain
B
The receptor of HIV is A CD2 B CD3 C CD4 D CD8
C
The way of action of cytotoxic T cells is
A cytokine production
B killer activity on MHC Class II/exogenous antigen peptide presenting
cells
C killer activity on MHC Class I/endogeneous antigen peptide
presenting cells
D they produce cytotoxic antibodies
C
It has pentameric form in the plasma A IgG B IgA C IgE D IgM
D
The regulation of Ig class switch is mediated by A genetic program B steroid hormones C cytotoxic T cells D helper T cells
D
The variable parts of the immunoglobulins are at A C terminal of the chains B N terminal of the chains C in the middle of the molecule D in the plasma membrane
B
Both immunoglobulins and T cell receptors are characterized by A fibrillar shape B domain like globular structure C DNA binding feature D hydrophobic nature
B
The major source of heterogeneity of Igs and TCRs A MHC polymorphism B somatic mutations C inheritance D gene rearrangement
D
The number of hypervariable regions in Igs and TCRs is A 3 B 30 C 300 D more
A
The number of thymocytes during the maturation
A increases
B decreases
C after antigen stimuli it increases
D after antigen stimuli it is not changed
B
Negative selection in thymus means
A cells recognizing the MHC die
B cells failing to recognize the MHC die
C cells recognizing MHC + self antigen die
D cells recognizing MHC + foreign antigen die
C
The most important effect of IL-2 A induces T cell differentiation B induces T cell proliferation C induces B cell differentiation D induces B cell proliferation
B
The peptides from the endogenous antigens are presented together with
A MHC Class I antigens
B MHC Class II antigens
C the cellular antigens with MHC Class I, the soluble ones with MHC
Class II antigens
D depends on the actual activation of antigen presenting cell
A
The fate of the endogenous antigens within the antigen presenting cells
A they enter the lysosomes, but escape the enzymatic degradation
B they never enter the lysosomes, therefore remain intact
C peptides are generated in the proteosomes
D they remain intact if entering the proteosomes
C
MHC Class I complex binds peptides of a size A 10-24 B 9-10 C 3-4 D random size
B
MHC Class II antigen/peptide complex recognized by A macrophages B B lymphocytes C CD4 + (helper) T cells D CD8 + cytotoxic T cells
C
CD8 chain binds to A Variable part of MHC I B Variable part of MHC II C Constant part of MHC I D Constant part of MHC II
C
This property is not true for an antigen recognizing molecule A specificity B connection with amplifying mechanisms C the specificity is inherited D expressed by lymphocytes
C
This substance does not have chemotactic effect A C3a B C3b C IL-8 D bacterial peptides
B
Which receptor has no role in phagocytosis A FcR B C3R C IL-2R D Lectin R
C
This factor has a negative regulatory effect in phagocytosis A IL-4 B IL-9 C corticosteroids D gamma interferon
C
These cells have no signaling function in inflammation A B lymphocytes B keratinocytes C macrophages D fibroblasts
A
Belongs to the acute phase proteins A albumin B complement receptors C IL-6 D IL-1
A
The concentration of CRP in acute phase A increases 1.5-2 fold B increases 10 fold C increases 100 fold or more D decreases
C
Tumor escape can be due to A Enhanced MHC expression B Decreased MHC expression C Increased soluble MHC D Expression of monomorphic MHC
B
Which cytokine promotes angiogenesis around the tumor A IL-1 B TNF-beta C TGF- beta D IL-6
C
This effector mechanism seems to play no role in anti-tumor immunity A IgE-dependent allergic mechanism B cytotoxic T cells C NK cells D activated macrophages
A
The natural autoantibodies are
A low affinity, cross-reacting autoantibodies
B high affinity, cross-reacting autoantibodies
C low affinity, monospecific autoantibodies
D high affinity, monospecific autoantibodies
A
Type I hypersensitivity reaction is characterised by
A IgE response related to immediate reactions
B Antibodies
C Antigen-antibody complexes
D Delayed type cellular reactions
A
Immune response against intracellular bacteria is mediated mostly by A IgE and eosinophils B antibodies and/or complement C Cytotoxic T cells D activated macrophages
D
What is immunological “homunculus”?
A Regulatory interaction between nervous and immune system
B Obligate reaction of the immune system to dominant antigens
C Cortical projection of immune mechanisms
D Set of lymphocytes, generating anti-idiotypic antibodies.
B
(after midterm material) The autoimmune diseases are A caused by autoantibodies B inherited disorders C enhanced by estrogens E always systemic
C
The reaction of the immune system to the “non-self” antigens is A recognition and elimination B immune tolerance C presentation and antibody formation D can be ignorance
D
Extravasation of lymphocytes
A cells avoid HEV
B process through the nuclear membrane helped by selectins and
lectins
C process helped by diverse adhesive proteins
D integrins, CD44 and T cell receptors cooperate in it
C
“Homing” receptors A are found on the surface of macrophages B found on lymphocytes C found on endothelial cells D found only on activated B cells
B
Gene of the cytokine located in region MHC III A IL-1 B IFN gamma C TNF-alpha D TGF beta
C
Defense mechanisms against bacterial toxins A activated macrophages B antibody and complement C T cytotoxic lymphocytes D NK cells
B
“Invariant” gamma chain has its role in A processing of exogenous antigens B processing of endogenous antigens C synthesis of MHC II molecules D synthesis of MHC I molecules
A
Positive feed-back happens in complement activation due to A binding of factor B to C4b B binding of C3 to C4 C MAC containing several C9 D binding of factor B to C3b
D
Th1-like cytokines are produced by A NK cells B eosinophil granulocyte C basophil granulocyte D erythroblast
A
Effector with no role in effective defense against tumors A T cytotoxic cell B NK cell C IgE dependent allergy reaction D activated macrophages
C
Primary selection in the thymus A negative selection B positive selection C random selection D spontaneous cell death
B
Do not belong to adhesive molecules A integrins B CD44 C selectins D CD34
D
Defensins in structure are A cyclic nucleotides B proteins connected with heme C aromatic hydrocarbons D cyclic peptides
D
Concentration of albumin in acute phase reaction A increases by 1.5-2 times B increases by 10 times C increases by 100 or more D decreases
D
High affinity FcEpsilon receptors are
A on B lymphocytes
B on B and T lymphocytes
C on basophil granulocytes and mast cells
D on neutrophil granulocytes and plasma cells
C
Adhesive proteins play part in
A interaction of phagocytes and foreign particles
B interaction leukocytes and the extracellular matrix
C majority of cell-to-cell interactions
D Ig and TCR gene rearrangement
C
Main function of neutrophil granulocyte A synthesis of complements B phagocytosis and synthesis of complements C phagocytosis D histamine synthesis
C
Antibody polypeptide chains are held together by ionic bonds
A only in cell surface B cell receptor complex
B in antibody molecules of body fluids
C covalent ester bonds have also a role
D covalent disulphide bonds have also a role
D
Main function of neutrophil granulocyte A synthesis of complements B phagocytosis and synthesis of complements C phagocytosis D histamine synthesis
C
Tumor escape can be due to A Enhanced MHC expression B Decreased MHC expression C Increased soluble MHC D Expression of monomorphic MHC
B
Cells having IL-6 receptors before inflammation A mesodermal cells B liver cells C pituitary cells D macrophages
D
The T helper 1 and T helper 2 cells differ from each other in
A their cytotoxicity
B cytokine pattern
C Th1 enhances humoral immunity, Th2 decreases it
D Th1 are mor matured cells
B
The secondary immune response has A longer latency and higher amplitude B shorter latency and higher amplitude C longer latency and lower amplitude D shorter latency and lower amplitude
B
The background of affinity maturation is A effect of T helper cells and cytokines B Ig class switch C dimerization of surface immunoglobulins D mutations during divisions
D
Monoclonal antibodies are A products of artificially fused T cells B products of artificially fused B cells C Homogeneous inactive, immunoglobulin-like protein D antibodies without light chains
B
Which of the statements is false
A the concentration of cytokines in plasma is regularly low
B the cytokines are multifunctional molecules
C the cytokines are antigen-specific
D the cytokines are redundant
C
They are professional phagocytes, except: A macrophages B basophils C neutrophils D monocytes
B
Role of IL-6 in B cell maturation A costimulation B improving MHC expression C activation of Th1 cells D terminal differentiation if B cell maturation to plasma cell
D
The rearrangement is performed at the level of A DNA B mRNA C protein D all three
D
The size of TCR repertoire is approximately A 1 million B 100 million C 1 billion D more
D
This is not an antigen presenting cell A B lymphocyte B macrophage C dendritic cells D neutrophil granulocyte
D
Immunoglobulins are
A tetramers of 2 heavy and 2 light chains
B dimers of heavy and light chains
C dimers of heavy or dimers of light chains
D non covalent tetramers of heavy and light chains
A
CD4 chain binds to A variable part of MHC I B variable part of MHCII C constant part of MHC I D constant part of MHC II
D
The MHC antigens are A intracellular proteins B plasma membrane glycoproteins C nuclear proteins D soluble proteins
B
The MHC Class I antigens are A homodimers of a variable chain B heterodimers of a variable and a constant (beta-2 microglobulin) chain C heterodimers of two variable chains D heterodimers of two constant chains
B
Cytokine with central significance in inflammation A IL-4 B IL-5 C IL-6 D IL-8
C
The redundancy of the cytokines means
A one cytokine has mostly more than one function
B there are many cytokines in the body fluids
C the cytokines are acting on each other
D one physiological function is regulated by many cytokines
D
Crucial element in type III hypersensitivity A IgE B IgG antibodies C immunocomplexes D T cells
C
Complement protein acting only in alternative complement pathway A C3 B B C C2 D C5
B
