MCQs Flashcards
1
Q
Chylomicrons
A
- Formed in the gut
- Have Apo E-3, Apo A-1, Apo A-2, B-48, C-2, C-3
- Flows through thoracic duct to subclavian veins
- Not completely degraded by LPL
- Are the largest lipoproteins
- Contains more triglycerides
2
Q
Serum globulins
A
- Produced in liver + lymphoid tissue
- Transport minerals
- Can be separated by salt precipitation
- Includes certain acute phase proteins
- May show enzymatic activity
3
Q
Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with
A
- Folate trap
- Normochromic enterocytes
- Increase in dTMP/UMP ratio
- Myelin destabilization
- Increased serum methyl malonic acid
- Increased serum homocysteine levels
- Mean corpuscular volume > 100fL
4
Q
Vegetables
A
- Leafy vegetable proteins are rich in lysine
- Spinach is rich in soluble fibers
- Leafy vegetables, root vegetables, fruit vegetables, flower vegetables contain high non-nitrogen content
- Starchy root vegetables have a high energy value
- Dark green leafy vegetables are rich in beta carotenes
5
Q
Dietary fibers
A
- Soluble fibers cause poor mixing of enzymes with substrates
- Soluble fibres increase excretion of cholesterol
- Reduces colon rectal cancers
- Sudden increase of fiber content in diet causes bloating
- No absorption
- Act as probiotics
- Increases insulin sensitivity (not secretion)
- Delays gastric emptying
6
Q
Sri Lankan healthy plate
A
1/2 carbohydrate rich foods
1/3 vegetables and green leaves
7
Q
Free radicals
A
- Reduces (oxidises) the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids
- Are produced in cytosolic redox reactions
- Superoxide dismutase is the first line of defense from free radical attack
- Oxidises haemoglobin to methaemoglobin
- Vitamin A is a prominent antioxidant
- Partial reduction of oxygen during ETC produces superoxide radicals
- Conversion of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide is catalyzed by superoxide dismutase
8
Q
Jaundice
A
- Jaundice is a condition, not a disease
- Seen in hepatitis
- Also known as icterus
- Occurs when there is a tumor in the head of the pancreas
9
Q
Marasmus
A
- Presents a skin and bone child
- Is seen in children who have a loss of all macromolecules, not just inferior quality proteins
- No oedema
- Leads to wasting not stunting
- Increases susceptibility to infections
10
Q
Buffer systems in blood
A
- Bicarbonate buffer
- Haemoglobin
11
Q
Nitric oxide synthase
A
- Found in endothelium, immune cells, nerve cells
- Has 3 isoforms:
eNOS
iNOS
nNOS - Activity is increased by sheer stress on endothelial cells
- Regulated by phosphorylation
12
Q
Surfactant
A
- Surfactant specific protein synthesis is regulated by glucocorticoids
- Synthesis by type 2 alveolar cells
- Facilitates formation of phospholipid monolayer
- Deficient in premature babies
- Deficiency can affect newborns
13
Q
Lactose in milk
A
- Major energy source
- Lower lactose and fat in colostrum
- Higher concentration in foremilk than hindmilk
- Lower concentration is found in milk produced for preterm babies
14
Q
Hematological and biochemical parameters declined during anemia in order
A
Serum ferritin, Serum iron, Haemoglobin
15
Q
Haem containing proteins
A
- Myoglobin
- Cytochrome P450
- Catalase
16
Q
Serum albumin
A
- Transports calcium ion
- Higher concentration in plasma than Globulins in a healthy individual
- Albumin transports long chain fatty acids
- Can be separated by salt precipitation
- Albumin is an acute phase protein
17
Q
Amino acid requirement pattern is dependent on
A
- Age
- Sex
- Physical activity
18
Q
Carbonic anhydrase
A
- Important to maintain acid base balance
- Is found in gastric mucosa, pancreatic cells, renal tubules
- Makes CO2 soluble
- Contains zinc
19
Q
Adaptations in the leg muscle of a marathon runner
A
- Increased fatty acid utilization
- Higher number of mitochondria
- Lactate production decreases
- Myosin ATPase activity decreases
20
Q
Red blood cells
A
- Membrane fragility is increased in hereditary spherocytosis
- Oxidative stress is higher than intestinal cells
- Glucose entering the cell is insulin independent
- 2,3-BPG facilitates the binding of O2
- NADPH is not used
21
Q
Vascular endothelium is involved in
A
- NO synthesis
- Synthesis of Von Willebrand Factor
- Converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
- Breaks down triglycerides in lipoproteins
22
Q
Features of hemolytic anemia
A
- Increased reticulocytes
- Decreased serum haptoglobin level
- Elevated urine urobilinogen level
- Deep icterus
- Gallstone formation
23
Q
Decosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
A
- Rich in fish oil
- Present in vegan diet (seaweed)
- Derivative of alpha linoleic acid
- Essential for brain, skin & retina development
- Added in milk fortification
24
Q
Rice
A
- Does not contain gluten
- Polishing increases glycemic index
- Contains dietary fibres
25
Q
Separation techniques
A
- Electrophoresis - charge + molecular mass (physical properties)
- Ultracentrifuge - size + density
- Salt precipitation - solubility + charge
