MCQ Prep Flashcards
Receptive Aphasia - Word Deafness
Receptive Aphasia - Word Deafness
“Can hear but doesn’t undertand”. A type of receptive aphasia (wernicke’s), where they cannot understand words, with impaired repetition but are spontaneous in speech, with writing preserved.
Can represent a lesion in the Dominant Temporal Lobe.
Receptive Aphasia - Agnostic Alexia
Receptive Aphasia - Agnostic Alexia
The patient can see the words, but cannot read them (even words they have just written).
Can represent a lesion in the left PCA which feeds the left visual cortex / corpus callosum.
The right visual cortex can “see the words: but cannot send the information to the language centres (Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area) area for processing. However their auditory input is unaffected so they can recognise words spelt out loud to them.
Receptive Aphasia - Visual Asymbolia
Receptive Aphasia - Visual Asymbolia
Aka - Cortical Visual Aphasia. EG a difficulty in reading and writing.
A disorganisation of Motor and visual word schemas
Words can not be recognised and motor schemas cant be activated to write
Amnesia - Katathymic Amnesia
Amnesia - Katathymic Amnesia
Also known as motivated forgetting / dissociation Amnesia.
The inability to recall specific painful memories.
Originally thought the be related to repression / Freudien theory.
Amnesia - Retrospective Falsification
Amnesia - Retrospective Falsification
Distortions of recall, a type of paramnesia.
Unintentional distortion of a memory as it is recalled in a person current emotional or cognitive state.
It is often found in those with depressive illness who describe all past experiences in negative terms due to the impact of their current mood.
Amnesia - Paramnesia
Paramnesia - distortion or falsification of memory
False memory
False memory
Is the recollection of an event (or events) that did not occur but which the individual subsequently strongly believes did take place. This is different then just forgetting, but the actual construction of events that never took place.
Source amnesia
Source amnesia
difficulty remembering the source from which the information was acquired, whether from one’s own recall or from some external source as recounted by others. EG did I remember it or did someone tell me about it.
Screen memory
A screen memory is a distorted memory, recollection that is partially true and partially false; it is
thought that the individual only recalls part of the true memory because the
entirety of the true memory is too painful to recall.
For example, an individual
may recall that childhood sexual abuse was perpetrated by a neighbour
because it is too painful to recall that the abuse was, in fact, perpetrated by
their own brother.
Freud
Lethologia
Lethologia
The temporary inability to
remember names or proper nouns, is common and generally not indicative
of any pathology.
Approximate Answers or Vorbeireden
Approximate answers suggest that the patient understands the questions but appears to be deliberately avoiding the correct answer. E.g. criminal trying to avoid court.
Cryptamnesia
Cryptamnesia
“the experience of not remembering that one is remembering’
For example a person writes a
witty passage and does not realise that they are quoting from some passage
they have seen elsewhere rather than writing something original
déjà vu
Distortions of recognition. It comprises the feeling of having experienced
a current event in the past, although it has no basis in fact.
Some correlation with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy or completely normal.
Jamais vous
Jamais vous - Never seen.
Its happened you just cant remember it.
Distortions of recognition. It comprises the feeling of not having experienced
a current event in the past, although it has occurred.
dé jà pensé - déjà vu -
a new thought recognised as having previously occurred.
related to dejd vu, being different only in the modality of experience (eg a thought)
déjà entendu - déjà vu -
Dejd entendu, the feeling of a new auditory recognition recognised as having previously occurred.
related to dejd vu, being different only in the modality of experience (eg a Auditory)
Parathymia - Mood descriptors
Parathymia
Blunting of affect / in congruent affect in SCZ.
More severe than restricted or constricted affect, but less severe than flat.
It manifests as a failure to express feelings (affect display) either verbally or non-verbally, especially when talking about issues that would normally be expected to engage the emotions. Described by Bleuler.
Moria / Witzelsucht - Mood descriptors
Moria / Witzelsucht
Frontal lobe damage with Euphoria, presenting as silliness, lack of foresight and indifference.
Apophanous experience - Mood descriptors
A delusion perception.
Torpor - Consciousness
Stupor of Organic cause. The level of consciousness is generally lowered and the patient responds poorly or not at all to stimuli.
Generally without hallucinations, but represents a general slowing down
The Twilight state - Consciousness
Disturbed consciousness with hallucinations. Eg loss of touch with reality.
the commonest twilight state is the result of epilepsy.
Stupor
In psychiatry used synonymously with mutism and does not necessarily imply a disturbance of consciousness; in catatonic stupor, patients are ordinarily well aware of their surroundings.
Obstruction - Catatonia + Motor Abnormality.
Common in Catatonia
The blocking of a motor activity.
Logoclonia - Catatonia + Motor Abnormality
Special forms of perseveration.
Logoclonia the last syllable of the last word is repeated, for example,
the patient might say: ‘I am well today-ay-ay-ay-ay
Palilalia - Catatonia + Motor Abnormality
Special forms of perseveration.
The patient repeats the perseverated word with increasing frequency
Mitmachen / cooperation -Catatonia
In cooperation or Mitmachen, the body can be put into any position without any resistance on the part of the patient, although they have been instructed to resist all movements. Once the examiner lets go of the body part that has been moved, it returns to the resting position.
Mitgehen - Catatonia
Mitgehen can be regarded as a very extreme form of cooperation, because the patient
moves their body in the direction of the slightest pressure on the part of the
examiner. For example, the doctor puts his forefinger under the patient’s
arm and presses gently, whereupon the arm moves upwards in the direction
of the pressure
Gegenhalten - Cataonia
Gegenhalten or Opposition.
Some individuals with catatonia oppose all passive movements with the
same degree of force as that which is being applied by the examiner
Echolalia - Cataonia / SCZ
Repetition of another person’s words or phrases, as observed in certain cases of schizophrenia, particularly the catatonic types. The behaviour is considered by some authors to be an attempt by the patient to maintain a continuity of thought processes.
Echopraxia - Cataonia / SCZ
Repetition of another person’s movements, as observed in some cases of catatonic schizophrenia.
Functional hallucination
An certain stimulus triggers a hallucination of the same modality. Eg I heard the nurse talk now I hear AH, eg the same modality
Reflex Hallucination
A morbid form synaerthesia where a stimulus in one modality produces a hallucination in another modality.
First Rank Symptoms - 4
1) Delusional perception
2) Auditory Hallucinations either 3rd person or running commentary.
3) Thought - a) insertion b) Withdrawal or c) broadcasting
4) Passivity Phn
Imperative hallucinations
Command hallucination
Thought Sonorisation / Thought Echo
Hearing your own thoughts spoken aloud, (but no one else can hear them as opposed to though broadcasting).
Scenic hallucinations
Entire scenes are hallucination as opposed to a hallucinations superimposed on a real background. Associated with Epilepsy or temporal love lesions.
Padre Pio phenomenon
a type of olfactory hallucination for example when some religious people can smell roses around certain saints
