MCQ past papers Flashcards
What will be labeled in direct histocytochemistry?
a) Primary antibody
b) Secondary antibody
c) Antigen
d) The cell
a) Primary antibody
What acts on the lagging DNA strand DNA duplication?
a) Kinase
b) Phosphatase
c) Helicase
d) DNA Ligase
d) DNA Ligase
Where do you find grains in H3-uracil autoradiography?
a) In the photo-emulsion layer above the nucleus and cytoplasm
b) Above Golgi
c) Above the lysosomes
d) Above the secretory vesicles
a) In the photo-emulsion layer above the nucleus and cytoplasm
What is the specific staining for enzymes?
a) H&E
b) Enzyme histochemistry
c) Aoyama methode
d) Silver impregnation
b) Enzyme histochemistry
What is not true for trimeric G-proteins?
a) Composed of alpha, beta and gammasubunits
b) Acts during hormone binding to its membrane receptor
c) Alpha subunits bind guanine phosphate
d) GTP binds to the alpha subunit
c) Alpha subunits bind guanine phosphate
What is used to stain enzymes? a) Azo dye b) PAS reaction c) Feulgen reaction D) Schiff base
a) Azo dye
Which zones get smaller during muscle contraction? a. Z-line B. I-band c. M-line d. A-band
B. I-band
What is true for SPF?
a) It is active during anaphase
b) It is composed of a double phosphorylated cycline
c) It acts during the M phase of the cell cycle
d) Gets cell to S phase
d) Gets cell to S phase
What is the signal for apoptosis?
a) Inflammation
b) Phosphatidylserine moves to the outer layer of the lipid membrane
c) Necrosis of the neighboring cell
d) Immune response
b) Phosphatidylserine moves to the outer layer of the lipid membrane
Lysosomes contain:
a) Only hydrolytical enzymes
b) Only materials for digestion
c) Enzymes (hydrolases) and material for digestion
d) Undigested remnants
c) Enzymes (hydrolases) and material for digestion
What is cut for TEM?
a) Microtome witch can cut sections to a thickness of 10 micro. m.
b) Sledge microtome with a steal blade
c) Ultramicrotome with a glass (or diamond) knife
c) Ultramicrotome with a glass (or diamond) knife
What is essential in cell culture?
a) Nutrients in the medium, ph, temperature, gas etc.
b) Acidic medium containing g-proteins for cell signaling
c) Basic medium containing isotopes for detection of cell mortality
d) Natural medium and continuous shaking
a)Nutrients in the medium, ph, temperature, gas etc.
What do SRP do?
a) Binds to the signal peptide and ribosome and transport the mRNA and ribosome to the surface of the rER
b) Bind a poly-A tail to an mRNA
c) Responsible for O-glycosylation of oligosaccharide chains
d) Enhance the protein entering the Golgi
a) Binds to the signal peptide and ribosome and transport the mRNA and ribosome to the surface of the rER
What is true in connection to proto-oncogenes?
a) Code the protein which stimulates the cell to proliferate
b) The mutated form stopped during mitosis
c) It is inactive in tumor cells
d) It is not transcribed in tumor cells
a) Code the protein which stimulates the cell to proliferate
What is true for proteasomes?
a) They are the result of receptor-mediated endocytosis
b) It is a Golgi transport vesicle
c) It is a type of lysosome
d) They degrade the ubiquitinated proteins
d) They degrade the ubiquitinated proteins
What is true for the centrioles?
a) Cdk is responsible for its dublication
b) 9x3 microtubules are found inside it
c) The duplication occurs during the G1 phase
d) 2 Tubules are in the center of it
c) The duplication occurs during the G1 phase
Passiv diffusion occurs:
a) Without need for any energy
b) With the need of energy in the form of ATP
c) With the need of energy in the form of GTP
d) With the aide of transporter proteins
a) Without need for any energy
Constitutive secretion occurs:
a) During endocytosis
b) In the triggered cells
c) In all eukaryotic cells
d) During endomitosis
c) In all eukaryotic cells
What passes through the plasma membrane by simple diffusion?
a) Polypeptides
b) O2, Co2 (gas)
c) Small protein
d) Signal molecules
b) O2, Co2 (gas)
What is not true for mitochondria?
a) Transport vesicles with the mitochondrial proteins enter into the mitochondria
b) Nuclear DNA codes a part of the mitochondrial proteins
c) The proteins enter into the mitochondria by TIM and TOM
d) The enzymes of the citrate acid cycle are found in th matrix
a) Transport vesicles with the mitochondrial proteins enter into the mitochondria
Where is the clathrin coat absent?
a) On vesicles from the rER to the Golgi
b) On vesicles which are going into cells
c) On the cytoplasmic surface of the vesicles in the trans-Golgi network
d) On the newly formed coated vesicles
a) On vesicles from the rER to the Golgi
Which of the following is not true in connection with the Golgi?
a) The sorting occurs throughout the whole Golgi
b) O-glycosylation are present in the Golgi
M6P receptors are present in the Golgi
d) The Golgi is responsible for the production of acrosomal enzymes
a) The sorting occurs throughout the whole Golgi
What increases the calcium rate (not in the mucle)?
a) The neta subunit of cAMP
b) rER
c) IP3
d) The NLS
c)IP3
Where is the TATA box located?
a) In the promoter region of eukaryotic cells
b) It is found on mature mRNA in order to help it leaves the nucleus
c) At the beginning of S-phase
d) c) At the beginning of M-phase
a) In the promoter region of eukaryotic cells
How does growth factor enter the cell?
a) Through a tyrosine kinase enzyme-linked membrane receptor
b) Through a G-protein linked receptor
c) Through cytoplasmic specific receptors
d) By passive transport
a) Through a tyrosine kinase enzyme-linked membrane receptor
What is not true regarding the nuclear envelope?
a) Lamins layers under the pores help the transport through the pores K
b) The inner membrane has a lamin A layer
c) The component of the lamin layer are lamins A, B and C
d) It has a lamin A receptor
a) Lamins layers under the pores help the transport through the pores K
What do SRPs do?
a) Bind to signal peptide and ribosome and transport the mRNA and ribosome to the surface of rER
b) BInds the poly-A-tail to mRNA
c) Is responsible for O-glycosylation of oligosaccharide chains
d) Enhance protein entrance into the Golgi
a) Bind to signal peptide and ribosome and transport the mRNA and ribosome to the surface of rER
What is not true regarding the nuclear envelope?
a) The lamin layer under the pores helps the transport through the pores
b) The inner membrane has a lamina layer
c) the components of the lamin layer are lamins A, B and C.
d) The inner membrane has a lamin B receptor
a) The lamin layer under the pores helps the transport through the pores
Which type of membrane transport is characteristic for glucose transport?
a) Simple diffusion
b) Facilitated diffusion mediated by carrier proteins
c) Facilitated diffusion mediated by channel-forming proteins
d) Secondary active transport mediated by channel-forming proteins
b) Facilitated diffusion mediated by carrier proteins
What is NOT true for the glycocalyx/cell coat?
a) It is composed of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans
b) It forms a hydrophilic layer on the surface of the plasma membrane
c) It is not found on the basal surface of the cells, because the basal lamina is located there
d) Its components are released via constitutive secretion
c) It is not found on the basal surface of the cells, because the basal lamina is located there
Membrane glycoproteins:
A) Always have a positive charge
b) Their sugar residues face to the cytoplasmic part of the membrane
C) Can be single-pass transmembrane proteins
D) Come from the Golgi via regulated secretions
E) Their sugar components originate from the ER
C) Can be single-pass transmembrane proteins
One type of phpspholipid can be composed of glycerol, fatty acids a phosphate group and; A) Choletrerol B) Mannose C) Inositol D) NANA E) Methanol
C) Inositol
What is true regards to the symport type of transport?
a) It can be simple diffusion
b) It can be facilitated diffusion
c) It is mediated only by channel-forming proteins
d) The sodium and potassium pump belongs to this type of transport
e) Sodium and glucose transport on enterocytes belongs to this type of transport
e) Sodium and glucose transport on enterocytes belongs to this type of transport
Select the single best answer. Which of the following are responsible for membrane asymmetry?
a) The distribution of phospholipids
b) The distribution of proteins
c) The distribution of proteins and cholesterol
d) The distribution of phospholipids and cholesterol
e) The distribution of phospholipids and proteins
e) The distribution of phospholipids and proteins
The glycocalyx (external coat)
a) Is directly connected with the cytoskeletal actin filaments
b) Some molecules of this layer could serve as receptor or antigens
c) One of its typical components is cholesterol
d) It contains polysaccharides that are attached to proteins
It is detectable by the feulgen reaction
b) Some molecules of this layer could serve as receptor or antigens
Which of the following is NOT true regarding membrane transport processes?
a) Active transport is always mediated by carrier proteins
b) Active transport can be of the uniport or symport type
c) Passive transport does not require either channel-forming proteins, carrier proteins or ATP
d) Aquaporin is a channel-forming protein for facilitated diffusion of water molecules
e) Channel forming proteins are transmembrane proteins with an alpha-helix or closed beta sheet
c) Passive transport does not require either channel-forming proteins, carrier proteins or ATP
Which of the following parameters does not increase the membrane fluidity?
a) Shorter fatty acid chains
b) A higher number of unsaturated fatty acids
c) Higher temperature
d) Lower amounts of cholesterol
e) Cholesterol
e) Cholesterol
What kind of protein will a tumor suppressor gene synthesize?
a) CDK
b) Cyclin A
c) Kinase inhibitor proteins
d) Cyclin B
e) Growth factor
c) Kinase inhibitor proteins
What is true about the inner membrane of the mitochondria?
a) It has porins
b) It is more permeable than the other membrane
c) It har cardiolipin
d) It has TOM
c) It har cardiolipin
What is not true about nuclear envelope?
a )It has pores
b) Proteins with NLS can enter thought the pores into the nucleus together with importin
c) Ribosomal subunits that have NES can leave the nucleus in a complex containing RanGTP and exportin
d) Proteins with NLS can enter the nucleus through the pores
e) Proteins with NLS can enter the nucleus through pores in a complex containing RanGDP and exportin
e) Proteins with NLS can enter the nucleus through pores in a complex containing RanGDP and exportin
The answer fits all of the following except:
(sykt rar setning)
a) Number of actin chains in a microfilament
b) Number of fatty acid tails in a membrane phospholipid molecules
c) Number of phospholipid layer in the nuclear envelope
d) Number of interphase checkpoints in the cell cycle
e) Number of centrioles in centrosomes in the G1 phase
c) Number of phospholipid layer in the nuclear envelope
Exons:
a) Are DNA ompnents of nucleosomes
b) Are non-coding regions of procaryotic genes
c) Are repetitive DNA sequences
d) Are found in mature mRNA
e) Are elements of an operon
d) Are found in mature mRNA
Which is true?
a) The primary protein of microtubules is actin
b) Cilia have a membrane around them while flagella do not
c) The 9+2 structure of cilia means that cilia have a total of 11 microtubules
d) Centrioles and basal bodies have the same structure
e) In cilia, the microtubule-associated motor proteins is kinesin
d) Centrioles and basal bodies have the same structure
What cell components can show metachromasia?
a) Anionic macromolecules with periodic negative changes
b) Glycolipids
c) Cationic macromolecules with specific positive charges
d) Intracellular membranes
e) Anionic macromolecules with periodic positive charges
a) Anionic macromolecules with periodic negative changes
The process of removing introns and linking exons together is called…
Splicing
This type of cell junction…………… is the most commonly found one in the cell and allows for the passage of small molecules
Gap junctions
mRNA can begin its translation with the help of…………..and…………….
RNA polymerase, transcription factors
In the LM, the resolution is limited by………..
waves (wavelength)
…………….. connect okazaki fragments
Ligase
The three main enzyme groups which are active in apoptosis are……………
Caspases, transglutaminase, endolase
Cell-cell adhesion where the linker proteins are the same is called……………….. When proteins and cell adhesion molecules connect between two different proteins, it is called…………
Homophilic, Hetrophilic
………….. is responsible for the sorting of hydrolytic enzyme proteins, and in the trans-Golgi they are connected to ………… proteins
46P, 46P receptor
