Cell cycle

Question 1

Cell theory of doctrine

Answer 1

1) The cell is the most basic unit of life 2) All living organisms are composed of one or more cells

Question 2

Ommnis cellula e cellula

Answer 2

All cells only arise from pre-existing cells 1858

Question 3

Cell cycle

Answer 3

Regular alteration of two periods in the life of cells - Duplication of cellular content (interphase) - Division in two (M-phase)

Question 4

What’s happening in the interphase?

Answer 4

G1 + S + G2

Question 5

What’s happening in the M-phase?

Answer 5

Mitosis + cytokinesis

Question 6

Draw the DNA cycle

Answer 6

Question 7

What type of proteins are responsible for the controll of the cell cycle?

Answer 7

• Cyclin dipendent kinases (Cdk-s)
• phospatases
• Ubiquitin ligases

Question 8

Centrosome cycle

Answer 8

Question 9

What does the picture show

Answer 9

Question 10

What does the picture show

Answer 10

Question 11

Checkpoints of the cellcycle

Answer 11

Question 12

Types of cell cycles

Answer 12

• Early embryonic
• Standar
• Multicellular (mammalian)

Question 13

What is spescial about the early embryonic cell cycle

Answer 13

• After fertilization (cleavage)
• No G1. G2 no growth, short. decreasing cell size

Question 14

What are the M-phase promoting factor for the embryonic cells?

Answer 14

Cdk1+ B cyclin = MPF =M-phase promoting factor

Question 15

Standard cell cycle

Answer 15

Cellular content is doubled and then halved

Question 16

What are the functions of growth factors (mitogens)?

Answer 16

• Make the cells re-enter G1 phase from G0

Question 17

Which phase is showed in the picture?

Answer 17

Interphase

Question 18

Which phase is showed in the picture?

Answer 18

Telophase

Question 19

Which phase is showed in the picture?

Question 20

Which phase is showed in the picture?

Answer 20

Anaphase

Question 21

What is the function of M-phase promoting complex? (MPF)

Answer 21

It stimulates the mitotic and meiotic phases of the cell cycle. MPF promotes the entrance into mitosis (the M phase) from the G2 phase by phosphorylating multiple proteins needed during mitosis. MPF is activated at the end of G2 by a phosphatase, which removes an inhibitory phosphate group added earlier.

Question 22

What is chromosome condensation induced by?

Answer 22

Condensin

Question 23

Main substrates of MPF

Answer 23

• Phosphatase
• Lamins of nuclear lamina
• Condensin complex
• MAP-s (Microtubule association proteins)
  *

Question 24

What is the anaphase triggered by?

Answer 24

Anaphase promoting complex

(leads to cleavage of cohesin and sister chromatid separation)