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Beef Production > MCQ > Flashcards

MCQ Flashcards

1
Q

What is the fat content of beef?

A

● 3-5%

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2
Q

What is the value of the beef industry annually in Ireland?

A

● €2.43 billion

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3
Q

What is the average carcass weight in Ireland?

A

● 330kG

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4
Q

Desired Calving Interval = 365. Ireland’s Calving Interval =

A

● 403

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5
Q

Fat Lay Down Order

A

● Kidney Channel● Intermuscular● Subcut fat● IntramusculaR

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6
Q

% Asia – Beef World Trade

A

● 35%

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7
Q

% Cost of feeding cow in calf to beef and calf to weaning

A

● Beef 50%
● Weaning 85%

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8
Q

Dairy Calf to Beef Ration. % Fibre, % Crude Oil

A

10%
˂4%

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9
Q

Friesian Calf – Average Daily Gain + Weight at 12 weeks

A

● 0.7 kg/day + 100 k

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10
Q

What is the major influence in molecular/follicular growth?

A

● LH pulse FrequencY

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11
Q

When does feeding/nutrition have the largest effect on PPI (Post-Partum Interval)?

A

● Pre-Partum Feeding (Before Calving)

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12
Q

How has Brazil Increased their production?

A

● Due to increased use of genetics through crossbreeding programmeS

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13
Q

What growth is expected for a calf ad libitum from birth to slaughter?

A

● 1.2 kg

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14
Q

Crossbred vs purebred % gain from hybrid vigour?

A

● 13% higher weaning weight

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15
Q

What is the target weight for a suckler steer at?

A

● Weaning – 316 kg
● Slaughter – 700 k

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16
Q

What is the economic value of milk as a % in the Eurostar System?

A

● 18%

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17
Q

Cost/Price Difference between a U+ and an R+?

A

● 18c/kg

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18
Q

Stocking Rate x _________ = Total Output/ha

A

Output/LU

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19
Q

What % of cows are continental crossbred?

A

● ˃70%

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20
Q

% AI in Beef?

A

● 18%

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21
Q

% Total world beef exports from Brazil

A

● 32%

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22
Q

Brazil in the beef industry :

A

● World’s Largest Exporter, 2ndLargest Producer, 3rdBiggest Consume

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22
Q

Difficult to export from Brazil to EU due to:

A

● Farm Safety, Traceability

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23
Q

What gives Brazil such a unique competitive position?

A

● Vast land areas, plenty of wateR

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24
Q

1 Livestock Unit in Brazil (AU) =

A

● 1 450kg Animal

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25
Q

Average Stocking Rate in Brazil, Potential Stocking Rate

A

● 1 AU/ Ha, 22 AU/Ha

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26
Q

Turnout to weaning growth rate for spring born male

A

● 1.2 kg/day

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27
Q

Weight at weaning

A

● Male 300-320 kg
● Female 300 kg

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28
Q

Target growth rate over winter

A

● 0.5-0.7 kg/day

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29
Q

Weight at March Turnout

A

● Male 390 kg
● Female 375 kg

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30
Q

2ndseason at grass male steer growth target

A

● 1kg/day, highest early in season

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31
Q

Target slaughter for steer

A

● 24 months
● 700 kg
● 395-400 kg carcass

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32
Q

Target sl0aughter for heifer

A

● 20-22 months
● 560 kg
● 300-310 kg carcass

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33
Q

2ndseason at grass growth rate for bulls

A

● 1.3-1.4 kg/day

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34
Q

Bulls housed for finish at

A

● 540 kg

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35
Q

Bulls growth rate during finishing

A

● 1.5-1.6 kg/day

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36
Q

Time of finish and carcass weight

A

● 18 month
● 410-420 kg carcass

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37
Q

Output =**

A

● Stocking Rate x Performance Targets x Quality

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38
Q

How much beef does Ireland export?

A

● 530,000 tonnes

39
Q

Amount of beef farms, suckler beef farms in Ireland?

A

● 100,000 beef farms, 70,000 suckler farms

40
Q

Irish Beef Exports 2017

A

● UK = 54%
● Rest of EU = 42%

41
Q

For every €1 of support for cattle

A

● €4.3 of aggregate output in the Irish economy

42
Q

How many cattle must a plant slaughter per annum to require an EU export license?

A

● 1,000

43
Q

How many export approved slaughtering facilities in Ireland?

A

● 32

44
Q

What % of the market do Dawn Group, AIBP and Kepak control?

A

● 60%

45
Q

Grass accounts for what % of feed consumed in beef production?

A

● 80%

46
Q

Ireland slaughters how many cattle per year?

A

● 1.6 -1.7 million head

47
Q

How many live cattle are exported from Ireland Annually?

A

● 160,000

48
Q

National Capacity Utilisation of processing facilities in Ireland?

A

● 60%

49
Q

Impact of extra capacity increases costs by

A

● 12-15%

50
Q

Weekly average slaughtered in Ireland?

A

● 31,000

51
Q

Weekly cattle availability ranges?

A

● 25,000 - 38,000

52
Q

Value of Irish Beef exports?

A

● €2.2 billion

53
Q

Where does Ireland rank globally in Beef Exports?

A

● 5th

54
Q

Main market for live export weanlings?

A

● Italy

55
Q

Total beef consumption in Ireland?

A

● 87,000 tonnes

56
Q

% of Irish exports in fresh beef i.e. not frozen

A

● 90 %

57
Q

EU suckler herd

A

● 12.4 million head

58
Q

3 largest suckler herds in EU

A

● France, Spain, UK

59
Q

US Beef Production

A

● 12.1 million tonnes

60
Q

10% increase in income equates to:

A

● 5% increase in beef consumption

61
Q

World Average Beef Consumption

A

● 6.4 kg per capita

62
Q

How many UFL’s does a suckler cow require per litre of milk produced?

A

● 0.45 UFL

63
Q

Which are critical trace elements in pre-calver minerals?

A

● Copper, Iodine, Selenium

64
Q

How many kg DM does a lactating suckler cow eat per day?

A

● 12-13

65
Q

Reproductive Performance of Irish Suckler Herds:

A

● Calving Interval – 403 days
● Calves/Cow/Year – 0.8
● Age at 1stCalving – 31.5 months

66
Q

Primary Factor reducing reproductive efficiency in suckler production

A

● Post-Partum Anoestrus Interval

67
Q

What weight should a calf be at 12 weeks

A

● 100 kg

68
Q

What should the ADG gain be for the 1st12 weeks?

A

● 0.7 kg/day

69
Q

Pre-weaning mortality should not exceed:

A

● 3%

70
Q

What % fibre and protein should be included in a calf ration?

A

● Fibre 8- 10%
● Protein 17-18 %

71
Q

What part of the rumen wall is responsible for absorbing VFA’s?

A

● Absorptive epithelium (mucosa)

72
Q

What % of national steer kill do dairy born steers account for?

A

● 55%

73
Q

What would be a standard carcass weight and kill-out % of a 24 month Friesian steer?

A

● 320 kg, 52%

74
Q

How much extra carcass size is achieved with a crossbred relative to a purebred?

A

● 14 kg

75
Q

What hormone is an indicator of higher fertility?

A

● IGF – 1

76
Q

What percentage of a steers liveweight gain will come from grazed grass over its lifetime?

A

● 65%

77
Q

What is the target weaning weight of a suckler heifer?

A

● 288 kg

78
Q

What are the target carcass weights for suckler steers and heifers?

A

● Steer 396 kg
● Heifer 310 kg

79
Q

What is a useful strategy to weaken the bond between cow and calf pre-weaning?

A

● Creep Grazing

80
Q

Stress in a calf caused by abrupt weaning can cause alterations in immune function which remain evident for:

A

● 7 days

81
Q

Hypomagnesaemia (grass tetany) occurs when blood concentrations of Mg:

A

● Fall from around 25mg/L to ˂5 mg/L

82
Q

High K fertiliser application rates can :

A

● Reduce availability of Mg in plant

83
Q

Lime application can:

A

● Reduce Mg availability in plant

84
Q

How far after standing heat does ovulation occur?

A

● 28-30 hours

85
Q

Mean Post-Partum Interval in beef cows:

A

● 55 days

86
Q

One large follicle develops in all cows by 6-8 days postpartum. In what % of cases will regression occur?

A

● 93%

87
Q

What are the 2 main factors that affect the expression of heat?

A

● Size of the sexually active group
● Under foot surface conditions

88
Q

What % of mature weight should a beef heifer be at first breeding (15 months)?

A

● 65-70%

89
Q

Why is growth of beef animals non-linear?

A

● Due to variations in supply and quality of feed

90
Q

What type of fat has beneficial effects on meat quality?

A

● Intramuscular or marbling fat

91
Q

An E grade animal will be:

A

● Superconvex

92
Q

A P grade animal will have all profiles:

A

● Concave

93
Q

What size striploin cuts command the highest value?

A

● 4.5-7.5 kg

94
Q

In steers, what % of carcasses classify R or O?

A

● 85%

95
Q

What is the range of meat yield from carcass weight?

A

● 60-75%

Beef Production (4 decks)

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