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Beef Production > Industry > Flashcards

Industry Flashcards

1
Q

What are the beef exports every year in Ireland?
Has this increased or decreased?

A

€2.5 billion
Increased by 18%

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2
Q

Whats the total exports on a yearly bases?
Has this increased or decreased?

A

€3.8 billion (€4 billion)
Increase by 15%

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3
Q

The producer price value of beef output from the primary ag sector was equivalent to what % of total agricultural output?

A

28%

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4
Q

1- How many farmers have a beef enterprise?
2- how many specialist beef farmers are in Ireland?
3- What % of beef farmers are part time?

A

1- 100,000
2- 78,000
3- 50%

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5
Q

1- Where are majority of beef farms in the country and what %?
2- What is the average farm size?
3- How many cows, on average, are there in a beef herd?
4- What is the beef suckler industry based on?

A

1- Border, Midland and Western region, 60%
2- 27.5 hectares
3- 18 cows
4- Based on small herd size

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6
Q

What is the average beef farm in Ireland, how many hectares?

A

32.7 hectares (83 acres)
Farms in west are smaller than average

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7
Q

1- Where are the majority of suckler farms in the country?

2- Where are the majority of the Finishing farms in the country?

A

1- West

2- Midlands

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8
Q

Dairy herd:
1- How many dairy cows?

2- Why has dairy beef animals increased in recent years?

A

1- 1.5 million dairy cows

2- Consequences of reproductive techniques like sexed semen

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9
Q

Suckler Production:
1- What is the most predominant breed?

2- Over 10 years, what is happening to the suckle herd?

3- In the west, what % of cows are sucklers compared to the % of sucklers in south Wales?

4- In Galway, Mayo, Sligo, Roscommon, and Leitrim, what is the predominant system and what %

A

1- No breed is predominant unlike dairy

2- The suckler herd is falling 12-15% from 2008-2020

3- 81% of all cows in the west of Ireland and 22% of them are in south of wales

4- Suckler farming, 80-90%

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10
Q

1- How much cheaper is grass compared to silage

2- How much cheaper is grass compared to barley concentrates

A

1- 2 times cheaper

2- 3 times cheaper

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11
Q

Why is our climate so good , what do we have ?

A

The gulf stream provides frequent rainfall and mild temperatures; Ireland has the longest grass growing season

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12
Q

1- What % of Ireland is grassland area?

2- What % of Europe is grassland area?

A

1- 80%

2- 40%

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13
Q

1- Ireland produces how much t DM/Ha?

2- Europe produces how much t DM/Ha?

A

1- 15

2- 11

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14
Q

1- Suckler beef production in Ireland predominates based on what calving system?

2- What % of suckler calvings are between January and May?

A

1- Spring calving cows

2- 70%

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15
Q

What does the pastoral system follow?

A

The grass growth curve

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16
Q

What % of grass is in the diet averagly?

A

60-80%

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17
Q

What is the 5 stages of beef supply chain?

A

1- Farm Inputs

2- Production of farming

3- Processing and packaging

4- Branding , marketing and distribution

5- Sales and retail

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18
Q

How much money do specialist cattle spend on farm inputs/year?

A

€1.6 billion/year

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19
Q

In 2018, what was the FFI of :

1- Part-time Cattle Rearing

2- Part-time Cattle other

A

1- €7,050

2- €11,029

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20
Q

In 2018, what was the FFI of :

1- Full-time Cattle Rearing

2- Full-time Cattle other

A

1- €21,100

2-€30,671

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21
Q

Family Farm Income:

1- How many farms are economically viable?

2- How many farms are sustainable?

A

1- 20%
Family farm labour at a minimum of €19,600 per labour unit per year

2- 40%
Farmer/spouse is in receipt of off farm income

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22
Q

What % of farms are in the vulnerable section in Ireland?

A

40%

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23
Q

What % do direct payments account for average farm incomes for cattle rearing and cattle other?

A

Direct payments accounted for 158% and 111% of average farm incomes

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24
Q

For each 10% cut in direct payments, the absence of an increase in price or fall in costs, FFI would decline by what % on cattle farms?

A

14%

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25
Q

1- For the top 1/3rd of the teagasc profit monitor farms for sucklers, the direct payments / premiums per hectare from 2008-2018 has fallen by what?

2- What is the total reduction per hectare € , what %

A

1- €645-489/ hectare

2- €156/hectare reduction

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26
Q

1- For non breading or fattening, the direct payments/premiums per hectare have fallen from what? to what?

2- What is the total reduction €/hectare or what %?

A

1- €842-€452/hectare

2- €374/hectare or 45%

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27
Q

1- How much government support/year?

2- How much farm output/year?

3- How much is the economy-wide output/year?

A

1- €1.39 billion

2- €2.3 billion

3- €0.7 billion

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28
Q

What is vital to sustain vibrant rural communities?

A

Income for beef producers

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29
Q

Each €1 of support for cattle underpins how much € for aggreegate output in the Irish Economy?

A

€4.3

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30
Q

1- How many major slaughter facilities are there that are supervised by DAFF?

2- How many low volume slaughter houses are supervised by the local authority vetinary service?

3- When does an abattoir need an EU export license?

4- What fraction of facilities are members of the meat industry in Ireland?

A

1- 30

2- 220

3- slaughtering excess of 1000 cattle p.a.

4- 3/4

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31
Q

What companies control 60% of the kill? (3)

A
  • Dawn Group
  • AIBP
  • Kepak
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32
Q

What companies control 25% of the market? (4)

A
  • Liffy meats
  • Slaney
  • Dunbia
  • Donegal Meats
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33
Q

What % of the total beef production does Meat Industry Ireland produce?

A

85%

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34
Q

What do Meat Industry Ireland concentrate on?

A

Export market

Accounts for 90% of total exports

The remaining 10% comes from 17 EU approved abattoirs that are members of the IMA

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35
Q

1- How much of the home market does meat industry Ireland supply?

2- Where is the remainder supplied to?

A

1- 20-25% (87,000+)
Accounts for just 3% of their total throughout.

2- Remainder is supplied to IMA export-approved abattoirs (45%) and domestic abattoirs (32%)

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36
Q

Overcapacity: What is it estimating?

A

It is undermining competitiveness and profitability

It estimates the national capacity utilisation - 60%

Impacts of this extra capacity is estimated to increase costs by 12-15%

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37
Q

Weekly cattle available for slaughter ranges from:

A

25,000-38,000

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38
Q

What are male cattle mainly finished as?

A

steers

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39
Q

How many export approved abattoirs supervised by DAFM are there?

A

32

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40
Q

How many animals are slaughtered per head per year?

A

1.6-1.7

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41
Q

Where does Ireland sit in terms of exporter?

A

We are the largest net exporter in the northern hemisphere

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42
Q

How much beef does Ireland produce annually?

A

560,000-580,000 tonnes of beef annually

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43
Q

How much beef does USA produce annually?

A

12 million tonnes annually

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44
Q

How much beef does Brazil produce annually?

A

10 million tonnes annually

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45
Q

How much beef is traded annually in Ireland ?

A

Ireland is a major player in the export beef market-
9 million tonnes of beef traded annually

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46
Q

What % of the worlds beef production is traded?

A

12%

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47
Q

When was the World Trade organisation created?

A

1995

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48
Q

Where is Ireland placed in terms of beef exporters in the world?

A

5th largest beef exporter in the world

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49
Q

What % of production is consumed on the domestic market?

A

10%

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50
Q

What are our beef exports valued at?

A

€2.5 billion

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51
Q

How many live exports does Ireland have/year?

A

300-200,000 head live

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52
Q

1- What % increase has there been in beef price in the last 10 years?

2- What % increase has there been in beef price in the last 5 years?

A

1- +70%

2- +33%

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53
Q

1- How much € increase in revenues in the last 5 years of the beef industry?

2- What is that increase per head?

A

1- €550 million

2- €350/head

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54
Q

What is growth in beef price driven by?

A

Value not output

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55
Q

SWOT Analysis for Irish Beef Sector:

5 Strengths:

A

-Large valuable sector- supports economic activity.

-Prevalent in areas where there is limited other economic activity

-Sustainable grass-based system

-High- Quality, safe beef + reputation

-Positive social and environmental impact

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56
Q

SWOT Analysis for Irish Beef Sector:

4 Weaknesses:

A

-Declining number of suckler cows

-Low levels of profitability at the farm level

-High reliance on direct payments

  • Gap between market price and production costs
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57
Q

SWOT Analysis for Irish Beef Sector:

4 Opportunities:

A
  • Increase in global demand for protein from meat
  • Increase consumer awareness of sustainability

-International trade agreements that expand market opportunities

-Scope for growth by using new available breeding technologies

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58
Q

SWOT Analysis for Irish Beef Sector:

5 Threats:

A
  • Brexit and dependence on UK market

-Reduced CAP Budget

-International trade agreements that negatively impact the sector

-Climate change policy, the need to reduce emissions and carbon leakage

-Competition for reasons with the expanding dairy sector

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59
Q

What is our main beef output sales in Ireland?

A

Carcass sales

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60
Q

Where do most of the Irish exports go?

A

-UK
-EU

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61
Q

What % of US corn is used for ethanol?

A

40%

62
Q

What % of the worlds fresh water does agriculture use?

A

70%

63
Q

What ability do ruminants have that monogastric don’t?

A

Upcycling ability - Ruminants can use biomass that monogastric animals cant
Ruminants have a upcycling ability and can convert feed into digestible proteins

64
Q

Name the top 3 EU countries with the largest suckler herd:

A

-Spain 41,000
-UK 19,000
-France 14,000

65
Q

Beef consumption in EU, increasing or decreasing?

A

2023 consumption to decline (-1%)

EU-27 Beef Working Group forecast -2.0% decrease

66
Q

1- What is the EU expected to remain in the next 5 years?

2- What are EU exports anticipated to rise by ?

3- Where is there market opportunities?

A

1- Net exporter

2- 50% by 2019 to 270,000 tonnes

3- In North Africa , the Middle East and Asia

67
Q

What countries are the main buyers of our beef?

A

Increase in export to turkey, Africa and Asia markets

68
Q

Where are the most important destinations for lie animals ? (3)

What does this represent?

A

1-
Turkey (322,000 heads)
Israel (176,000 heads)
Lebanon (155 000 heads)

2- Represents around 2/3rds of the EU live cattle trade

69
Q

How is GHG intensity / carbon footprint measured ?

A

Per kilo of a product
If you have a question about GHG/Carbon footprint, talk about intensity

70
Q

What sort of diet does Irish cattle derive from?

A

80-85% forage diet, and we are doing this under non-competing food resource

71
Q

What is Irelands GHG per kilo of beef?

A

17-18 kilos of CO2 of beef produced

72
Q

In Lyons estate, what is the GHG per kilo of beef?

A

5.9-10.2 kilos of beef - this is optimum

73
Q

Where does Ireland sit in terms of carbon footprint in Europe?

A

Ireland has the 5th lowest in carbon footprint in the EU

74
Q

How is it that farming in Ireland is efficient?

A

On a low carbon programme due to Irelands grassland based forage system

75
Q

What’s the GHG emissions like for a modern beef production system?

A

They have lower GHG , they are technically efficient

76
Q

On average, what is the average GHG emissions intensities in the EU (kg CO2-eq/kg carcass weight)

A

EU is under 20, it is exceptionally good area for beef production , efficient and low carbon footprint.

77
Q

On average, what is the average GHG emissions intensities in N America (kg CO2-eq/kg carcass weight)

A

under 30

78
Q

What continent is very poor in terms of GHG emissions intensities (kg CO2-eq/kg carcass weight)

A

Asia

79
Q

On average, what is the average GHG emissions intensities in Brazil (kg CO2-eq/kg carcass weight)

A

under 80

80
Q

How much more CO2 does a dairy farm impact compared to a beef farm?

A

Dairy farm has 4 times the CO2 impact per farm relative to beef farm

81
Q

What country is the most nitrogen use efficient in EU?

A

Ireland

82
Q

Nitrogen use efficiency in

1-Ireland

2-Germany

3-UK

in 2015, how much kg?

A

1-47kg
2-82kg
3-83kg

83
Q

What herd was more favorable in terms of nitrogen balancing ?

A

Suckler herd in ireland more favourable than dairy, mixed livestock and non-suckler cattle

84
Q

What was the average nitrogen balance of:

1- Suckler farms

2- Non suckler farms

3- Dairy farms

A

1- 38.1kg/ha

2- 50kg/ha

3- 150kg/ha

85
Q

What is the key GHG emission?

A

Methane

86
Q

What is a major concern for climate change policy?

A

international carbon leakage

87
Q

What is the issue if ireland reduces beef production to meet international policy commitments?

A

Less carbon-efficient countries increase beef production to satisfy growing international demand- carbon leakage

88
Q

What % of consumers globally have made an effort to but more sustainably produced food and drink in the last year?

A

75%

89
Q

What % of people say that sustainable production of food and drink is very important or essential when grocery shopping?

A

43%

90
Q

Whats Origin Greens aim?

A

Reducing energy inputs
Minimising overall carbon footprint and lessening the impact on the environment in order to increase efficiency and competitiveness

91
Q

Beef sustainability programme includes completing different measures including: 4 steps

A

1- Animal Identification

2- Performance Calculated from each farm

3- Handheld technology GPS

4- ICBF

92
Q

What’s a KPI of origin green?

A

GHG Emissions + Farm Financial Performance

93
Q

What are consumers becoming concerned about?

A

Environmental sustainability of food production

94
Q

What did the Eurobarometer survey in 2014 find?

A

All Europeans stated that the protection of the environment was important to them and 85% believed they could play a role in its protection

95
Q

What sort of meat are consumers choosing?

A

Meat with sustainability claims

96
Q

What ate the 3 factors that influence purchasing decisions:

A

1- Price value
2- Quality
3- Sustainability

97
Q

What % of consumers were willing to pay a premium for food with higher animal welfare standards?

A

43%

98
Q

What % of consumers were influenced to pay a premium for food with higher animal welfare standards?

A

33%

99
Q

What does pasture based production imply?

A

“Natural” systems with high animal welfare

100
Q

What is the amount of antimicrobial usage used on Irish Farms?

A

~7mg/PCU compared to global estimate ~45mg/kg

101
Q

What % of consumers in Ireland are vegetarians?

What % of consumers in Britain are vegetarians?

A

6%

less than half of 1% in 2018

102
Q

What % of GHG does beef account for?

A

6%

103
Q

Explain the term
“Cattle are upcyclers”

A

-They upgrade plant protein into higher-quality plant protein for human consumption.

Bring beef to an efficient, sustainable food system.

104
Q

What % of grains are used in the beef animals diet?

Half a kilo of grain is converted to what in the animal?

A

9%

1 kilo of meat

105
Q

What % of an animals’ diet isn’t in competition with humans’ food supply?

A

90% of animals diet

106
Q

Beef Cattle :

Energy %

Protein %

A

Energy % 21-43

Protein % 30-60

107
Q

Pigs and Poultry Production:

Energy %

Protein %

A

Energy % 26-43

Protein % 30-40

108
Q

Where does the EU sit in terms of beef production in the world?

A

3rd largest producer in the world

109
Q

Where does the EU stand in terms of efficiency for beef production?

A

EU amongst the most efficient
Relatively low production of GHG

110
Q

What % of EU beef is from Dairy?

What % of EU beef is from suckler herds?

A

60%

40%

111
Q

How much tonnes of beef production in the EU?

A

7.45 million tonnes

112
Q

Dairy Suckler herds across the EU are declining by what %?

A

about 5%

There has been a fall in numbers but an increase in output

113
Q

What 4 countries that specialise in suckler production?

A

-France
-UK
-Spain
-Ireland

114
Q

What country has a huge influence on policy?

Is EU production increasing or decreasing?

What will EU production ease to?

A

France

Reducing by 0.2% each year

7.45 million tonnes

115
Q

What is beef consumption directly linked to?

A

Economic wealth and economic growth

116
Q

In 2017 what did EU cow herds increase to?

A

12.4 million

117
Q

What did higher EU imports increase?

A

Hilton EU Quotes

118
Q

What Quota was resulting from Mercosur or WTO negotiation?

A

HBQ Quota

119
Q

In 2023 what was the EU beef consumption decline in Ireland?

A

-1%

120
Q

What was the total decline in 2022-2027?

A

-5.5%

121
Q

What is the 3 drivers of change in the EU Beef Landscape?

A

1- Dairy Sector Dynamics

2- Public Policies

3- Price Balance between crops and animal production

122
Q

What is a possible threat to the EU market?

A

UK to announce a FTA with Australia.

Draft agreement based on 0 tariff, zero quota model.

Could provide a template for future UK trade agreements eg. NZ, USA

123
Q

Which two markets are neck in neck as highest prices market in the world?

A

British

US

124
Q

What is the fear with CAP?

A

That the government doesn’t understand the dependence of DP for dry stock farmers

125
Q

What is the estimated DP % of income support on EU dry stock farms?

A

75-90%

126
Q

What could have a severe impact on the value of EU cattle?

A

Mercosur EU Beef Deal- The type of beef is important!
There are no conditions, and the 99,000t can be filled with steak meat, either fresh or frozen- then it will have a huge impact on the EU!

This is because there is a relatively small amount of steak meat on each animal, meaning that to fill 99,000t would require at least 3.5m cattle –almost twice the Irish annual kill.

127
Q

What will the global meat demand continue to grow by?

What will this rise be led by?

A

1.6% annually over the next 5 years

Poultry

128
Q

How many million tonnes of meat was consumed in 2023 relative to 2011-2014 period

A

58 million tonnes consumed

129
Q

Where is the strongest growth in beef production ?

A

In Brazil

130
Q

International Meat Trade Volumes :
What % increase in pork?
What was this led by?

A

Significant recovery with +11% in pork

Poultry

131
Q

What % of the growth occur in Developing Countries?

What countries ?

A

80%

Asia, S America and Africa

132
Q

OECD-FAO, Agricultural Outlook 2014-2023 expects the rising global demand to increase food price by what %?

A

15-40%

133
Q

What % had the poultry increased by in the global meat threads?

A

50%

134
Q

What is the global production of beef in million tonnes?

A

10 million tonnes

135
Q

In 2023- What country had a reduction in beef and veal net production?

A

US

136
Q

What is the forecast for US beef production?

A

to reach a 9-year high of 12.1 million tonnes

137
Q

What happened in Australia in 1014, 2015 and 2018?

A

Drought forced liquidation

Depress bovine meat output by 3% compared to , down to 2 m tonnes

138
Q

Who are the EU’s key competitors?

A

US
Brazil

138
Q

What is global beef production forecast to grow by?

A

1.4% to 69 million tonnes

139
Q

Global population 2022:

A

7.9 billion

140
Q

Household earning 2022:

A

364.1 million

141
Q

By 2050 the planet will need to produce what % more food with less land, water and energy while also reducing greenhouse gas emissions

A

70%

142
Q

By 2050, what % of people will live in urban areas, and where will 3/4 be live in what part of the world?

A

70%

Asia and Africa

143
Q

What % of the worlds population living in countries that are recoding strong economic growth per annum.

A

40%

144
Q

The number of middle class in China and India forecast to increase by what? over next 20 years

A

1.2 billion

145
Q

10% increase in income equates to what % increase in beef consumption

A

5%

146
Q

Global Supply is in what stage?

A

Tightening phase

147
Q

Whats the worlds average beef consumption per capita?

Whats chinas beef consumption per capita?

A

6.4kg

3.8kg

148
Q

What % is beef consumption to grow by from 2010-2020?

A

6% or 4 million tonnes

149
Q

Where is a key destination for all beef trade?

A

Asia - accounts for 35% of trade

150
Q

What country is the main driver of global demand of beef?

A

China

151
Q

What is production like in Brazil of beef?

A

Production decline for 3rd consecutive year- but exports recovering with china a key driver

Beef Production (4 decks)

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