Industry Flashcards
What are the beef exports every year in Ireland?
Has this increased or decreased?
€2.5 billion
Increased by 18%
Whats the total exports on a yearly bases?
Has this increased or decreased?
€3.8 billion (€4 billion)
Increase by 15%
The producer price value of beef output from the primary ag sector was equivalent to what % of total agricultural output?
28%
1- How many farmers have a beef enterprise?
2- how many specialist beef farmers are in Ireland?
3- What % of beef farmers are part time?
1- 100,000
2- 78,000
3- 50%
1- Where are majority of beef farms in the country and what %?
2- What is the average farm size?
3- How many cows, on average, are there in a beef herd?
4- What is the beef suckler industry based on?
1- Border, Midland and Western region, 60%
2- 27.5 hectares
3- 18 cows
4- Based on small herd size
What is the average beef farm in Ireland, how many hectares?
32.7 hectares (83 acres)
Farms in west are smaller than average
1- Where are the majority of suckler farms in the country?
2- Where are the majority of the Finishing farms in the country?
1- West
2- Midlands
Dairy herd:
1- How many dairy cows?
2- Why has dairy beef animals increased in recent years?
1- 1.5 million dairy cows
2- Consequences of reproductive techniques like sexed semen
Suckler Production:
1- What is the most predominant breed?
2- Over 10 years, what is happening to the suckle herd?
3- In the west, what % of cows are sucklers compared to the % of sucklers in south Wales?
4- In Galway, Mayo, Sligo, Roscommon, and Leitrim, what is the predominant system and what %
1- No breed is predominant unlike dairy
2- The suckler herd is falling 12-15% from 2008-2020
3- 81% of all cows in the west of Ireland and 22% of them are in south of wales
4- Suckler farming, 80-90%
1- How much cheaper is grass compared to silage
2- How much cheaper is grass compared to barley concentrates
1- 2 times cheaper
2- 3 times cheaper
Why is our climate so good , what do we have ?
The gulf stream provides frequent rainfall and mild temperatures; Ireland has the longest grass growing season
1- What % of Ireland is grassland area?
2- What % of Europe is grassland area?
1- 80%
2- 40%
1- Ireland produces how much t DM/Ha?
2- Europe produces how much t DM/Ha?
1- 15
2- 11
1- Suckler beef production in Ireland predominates based on what calving system?
2- What % of suckler calvings are between January and May?
1- Spring calving cows
2- 70%
What does the pastoral system follow?
The grass growth curve
What % of grass is in the diet averagly?
60-80%
What is the 5 stages of beef supply chain?
1- Farm Inputs
2- Production of farming
3- Processing and packaging
4- Branding , marketing and distribution
5- Sales and retail
How much money do specialist cattle spend on farm inputs/year?
€1.6 billion/year
In 2018, what was the FFI of :
1- Part-time Cattle Rearing
2- Part-time Cattle other
1- €7,050
2- €11,029
In 2018, what was the FFI of :
1- Full-time Cattle Rearing
2- Full-time Cattle other
1- €21,100
2-€30,671
Family Farm Income:
1- How many farms are economically viable?
2- How many farms are sustainable?
1- 20%
Family farm labour at a minimum of €19,600 per labour unit per year
2- 40%
Farmer/spouse is in receipt of off farm income
What % of farms are in the vulnerable section in Ireland?
40%
What % do direct payments account for average farm incomes for cattle rearing and cattle other?
Direct payments accounted for 158% and 111% of average farm incomes
For each 10% cut in direct payments, the absence of an increase in price or fall in costs, FFI would decline by what % on cattle farms?
14%
1- For the top 1/3rd of the teagasc profit monitor farms for sucklers, the direct payments / premiums per hectare from 2008-2018 has fallen by what?
2- What is the total reduction per hectare € , what %
1- €645-489/ hectare
2- €156/hectare reduction
1- For non breading or fattening, the direct payments/premiums per hectare have fallen from what? to what?
2- What is the total reduction €/hectare or what %?
1- €842-€452/hectare
2- €374/hectare or 45%
1- How much government support/year?
2- How much farm output/year?
3- How much is the economy-wide output/year?
1- €1.39 billion
2- €2.3 billion
3- €0.7 billion
What is vital to sustain vibrant rural communities?
Income for beef producers
Each €1 of support for cattle underpins how much € for aggreegate output in the Irish Economy?
€4.3
1- How many major slaughter facilities are there that are supervised by DAFF?
2- How many low volume slaughter houses are supervised by the local authority vetinary service?
3- When does an abattoir need an EU export license?
4- What fraction of facilities are members of the meat industry in Ireland?
1- 30
2- 220
3- slaughtering excess of 1000 cattle p.a.
4- 3/4
What companies control 60% of the kill? (3)
- Dawn Group
- AIBP
- Kepak
What companies control 25% of the market? (4)
- Liffy meats
- Slaney
- Dunbia
- Donegal Meats
What % of the total beef production does Meat Industry Ireland produce?
85%
What do Meat Industry Ireland concentrate on?
Export market
Accounts for 90% of total exports
The remaining 10% comes from 17 EU approved abattoirs that are members of the IMA
1- How much of the home market does meat industry Ireland supply?
2- Where is the remainder supplied to?
1- 20-25% (87,000+)
Accounts for just 3% of their total throughout.
2- Remainder is supplied to IMA export-approved abattoirs (45%) and domestic abattoirs (32%)
Overcapacity: What is it estimating?
It is undermining competitiveness and profitability
It estimates the national capacity utilisation - 60%
Impacts of this extra capacity is estimated to increase costs by 12-15%
Weekly cattle available for slaughter ranges from:
25,000-38,000
What are male cattle mainly finished as?
steers
How many export approved abattoirs supervised by DAFM are there?
32
How many animals are slaughtered per head per year?
1.6-1.7
Where does Ireland sit in terms of exporter?
We are the largest net exporter in the northern hemisphere
How much beef does Ireland produce annually?
560,000-580,000 tonnes of beef annually
How much beef does USA produce annually?
12 million tonnes annually
How much beef does Brazil produce annually?
10 million tonnes annually
How much beef is traded annually in Ireland ?
Ireland is a major player in the export beef market-
9 million tonnes of beef traded annually
What % of the worlds beef production is traded?
12%
When was the World Trade organisation created?
1995
Where is Ireland placed in terms of beef exporters in the world?
5th largest beef exporter in the world
What % of production is consumed on the domestic market?
10%
What are our beef exports valued at?
€2.5 billion
How many live exports does Ireland have/year?
300-200,000 head live
1- What % increase has there been in beef price in the last 10 years?
2- What % increase has there been in beef price in the last 5 years?
1- +70%
2- +33%
1- How much € increase in revenues in the last 5 years of the beef industry?
2- What is that increase per head?
1- €550 million
2- €350/head
What is growth in beef price driven by?
Value not output
SWOT Analysis for Irish Beef Sector:
5 Strengths:
-Large valuable sector- supports economic activity.
-Prevalent in areas where there is limited other economic activity
-Sustainable grass-based system
-High- Quality, safe beef + reputation
-Positive social and environmental impact
SWOT Analysis for Irish Beef Sector:
4 Weaknesses:
-Declining number of suckler cows
-Low levels of profitability at the farm level
-High reliance on direct payments
- Gap between market price and production costs
SWOT Analysis for Irish Beef Sector:
4 Opportunities:
- Increase in global demand for protein from meat
- Increase consumer awareness of sustainability
-International trade agreements that expand market opportunities
-Scope for growth by using new available breeding technologies
SWOT Analysis for Irish Beef Sector:
5 Threats:
- Brexit and dependence on UK market
-Reduced CAP Budget
-International trade agreements that negatively impact the sector
-Climate change policy, the need to reduce emissions and carbon leakage
-Competition for reasons with the expanding dairy sector
What is our main beef output sales in Ireland?
Carcass sales
Where do most of the Irish exports go?
-UK
-EU
What % of US corn is used for ethanol?
40%
What % of the worlds fresh water does agriculture use?
70%
What ability do ruminants have that monogastric don’t?
Upcycling ability - Ruminants can use biomass that monogastric animals cant
Ruminants have a upcycling ability and can convert feed into digestible proteins
Name the top 3 EU countries with the largest suckler herd:
-Spain 41,000
-UK 19,000
-France 14,000
Beef consumption in EU, increasing or decreasing?
2023 consumption to decline (-1%)
EU-27 Beef Working Group forecast -2.0% decrease
1- What is the EU expected to remain in the next 5 years?
2- What are EU exports anticipated to rise by ?
3- Where is there market opportunities?
1- Net exporter
2- 50% by 2019 to 270,000 tonnes
3- In North Africa , the Middle East and Asia
What countries are the main buyers of our beef?
Increase in export to turkey, Africa and Asia markets
Where are the most important destinations for lie animals ? (3)
What does this represent?
1-
Turkey (322,000 heads)
Israel (176,000 heads)
Lebanon (155 000 heads)
2- Represents around 2/3rds of the EU live cattle trade
How is GHG intensity / carbon footprint measured ?
Per kilo of a product
If you have a question about GHG/Carbon footprint, talk about intensity
What sort of diet does Irish cattle derive from?
80-85% forage diet, and we are doing this under non-competing food resource
What is Irelands GHG per kilo of beef?
17-18 kilos of CO2 of beef produced
In Lyons estate, what is the GHG per kilo of beef?
5.9-10.2 kilos of beef - this is optimum
Where does Ireland sit in terms of carbon footprint in Europe?
Ireland has the 5th lowest in carbon footprint in the EU
How is it that farming in Ireland is efficient?
On a low carbon programme due to Irelands grassland based forage system
What’s the GHG emissions like for a modern beef production system?
They have lower GHG , they are technically efficient
On average, what is the average GHG emissions intensities in the EU (kg CO2-eq/kg carcass weight)
EU is under 20, it is exceptionally good area for beef production , efficient and low carbon footprint.
On average, what is the average GHG emissions intensities in N America (kg CO2-eq/kg carcass weight)
under 30
What continent is very poor in terms of GHG emissions intensities (kg CO2-eq/kg carcass weight)
Asia
On average, what is the average GHG emissions intensities in Brazil (kg CO2-eq/kg carcass weight)
under 80
How much more CO2 does a dairy farm impact compared to a beef farm?
Dairy farm has 4 times the CO2 impact per farm relative to beef farm
What country is the most nitrogen use efficient in EU?
Ireland
Nitrogen use efficiency in
1-Ireland
2-Germany
3-UK
in 2015, how much kg?
1-47kg
2-82kg
3-83kg
What herd was more favorable in terms of nitrogen balancing ?
Suckler herd in ireland more favourable than dairy, mixed livestock and non-suckler cattle
What was the average nitrogen balance of:
1- Suckler farms
2- Non suckler farms
3- Dairy farms
1- 38.1kg/ha
2- 50kg/ha
3- 150kg/ha
What is the key GHG emission?
Methane
What is a major concern for climate change policy?
international carbon leakage
What is the issue if ireland reduces beef production to meet international policy commitments?
Less carbon-efficient countries increase beef production to satisfy growing international demand- carbon leakage
What % of consumers globally have made an effort to but more sustainably produced food and drink in the last year?
75%
What % of people say that sustainable production of food and drink is very important or essential when grocery shopping?
43%
Whats Origin Greens aim?
Reducing energy inputs
Minimising overall carbon footprint and lessening the impact on the environment in order to increase efficiency and competitiveness
Beef sustainability programme includes completing different measures including: 4 steps
1- Animal Identification
2- Performance Calculated from each farm
3- Handheld technology GPS
4- ICBF
What’s a KPI of origin green?
GHG Emissions + Farm Financial Performance
What are consumers becoming concerned about?
Environmental sustainability of food production
What did the Eurobarometer survey in 2014 find?
All Europeans stated that the protection of the environment was important to them and 85% believed they could play a role in its protection
What sort of meat are consumers choosing?
Meat with sustainability claims
What ate the 3 factors that influence purchasing decisions:
1- Price value
2- Quality
3- Sustainability
What % of consumers were willing to pay a premium for food with higher animal welfare standards?
43%
What % of consumers were influenced to pay a premium for food with higher animal welfare standards?
33%
What does pasture based production imply?
“Natural” systems with high animal welfare
What is the amount of antimicrobial usage used on Irish Farms?
~7mg/PCU compared to global estimate ~45mg/kg
What % of consumers in Ireland are vegetarians?
What % of consumers in Britain are vegetarians?
6%
less than half of 1% in 2018
What % of GHG does beef account for?
6%
Explain the term
“Cattle are upcyclers”
-They upgrade plant protein into higher-quality plant protein for human consumption.
Bring beef to an efficient, sustainable food system.
What % of grains are used in the beef animals diet?
Half a kilo of grain is converted to what in the animal?
9%
1 kilo of meat
What % of an animals’ diet isn’t in competition with humans’ food supply?
90% of animals diet
Beef Cattle :
Energy %
Protein %
Energy % 21-43
Protein % 30-60
Pigs and Poultry Production:
Energy %
Protein %
Energy % 26-43
Protein % 30-40
Where does the EU sit in terms of beef production in the world?
3rd largest producer in the world
Where does the EU stand in terms of efficiency for beef production?
EU amongst the most efficient
Relatively low production of GHG
What % of EU beef is from Dairy?
What % of EU beef is from suckler herds?
60%
40%
How much tonnes of beef production in the EU?
7.45 million tonnes
Dairy Suckler herds across the EU are declining by what %?
about 5%
There has been a fall in numbers but an increase in output
What 4 countries that specialise in suckler production?
-France
-UK
-Spain
-Ireland
What country has a huge influence on policy?
Is EU production increasing or decreasing?
What will EU production ease to?
France
Reducing by 0.2% each year
7.45 million tonnes
What is beef consumption directly linked to?
Economic wealth and economic growth
In 2017 what did EU cow herds increase to?
12.4 million
What did higher EU imports increase?
Hilton EU Quotes
What Quota was resulting from Mercosur or WTO negotiation?
HBQ Quota
In 2023 what was the EU beef consumption decline in Ireland?
-1%
What was the total decline in 2022-2027?
-5.5%
What is the 3 drivers of change in the EU Beef Landscape?
1- Dairy Sector Dynamics
2- Public Policies
3- Price Balance between crops and animal production
What is a possible threat to the EU market?
UK to announce a FTA with Australia.
Draft agreement based on 0 tariff, zero quota model.
Could provide a template for future UK trade agreements eg. NZ, USA
Which two markets are neck in neck as highest prices market in the world?
British
US
What is the fear with CAP?
That the government doesn’t understand the dependence of DP for dry stock farmers
What is the estimated DP % of income support on EU dry stock farms?
75-90%
What could have a severe impact on the value of EU cattle?
Mercosur EU Beef Deal- The type of beef is important!
There are no conditions, and the 99,000t can be filled with steak meat, either fresh or frozen- then it will have a huge impact on the EU!
This is because there is a relatively small amount of steak meat on each animal, meaning that to fill 99,000t would require at least 3.5m cattle –almost twice the Irish annual kill.
What will the global meat demand continue to grow by?
What will this rise be led by?
1.6% annually over the next 5 years
Poultry
How many million tonnes of meat was consumed in 2023 relative to 2011-2014 period
58 million tonnes consumed
Where is the strongest growth in beef production ?
In Brazil
International Meat Trade Volumes :
What % increase in pork?
What was this led by?
Significant recovery with +11% in pork
Poultry
What % of the growth occur in Developing Countries?
What countries ?
80%
Asia, S America and Africa
OECD-FAO, Agricultural Outlook 2014-2023 expects the rising global demand to increase food price by what %?
15-40%
What % had the poultry increased by in the global meat threads?
50%
What is the global production of beef in million tonnes?
10 million tonnes
In 2023- What country had a reduction in beef and veal net production?
US
What is the forecast for US beef production?
to reach a 9-year high of 12.1 million tonnes
What happened in Australia in 1014, 2015 and 2018?
Drought forced liquidation
Depress bovine meat output by 3% compared to , down to 2 m tonnes
Who are the EU’s key competitors?
US
Brazil
What is global beef production forecast to grow by?
1.4% to 69 million tonnes
Global population 2022:
7.9 billion
Household earning 2022:
364.1 million
By 2050 the planet will need to produce what % more food with less land, water and energy while also reducing greenhouse gas emissions
70%
By 2050, what % of people will live in urban areas, and where will 3/4 be live in what part of the world?
70%
Asia and Africa
What % of the worlds population living in countries that are recoding strong economic growth per annum.
40%
The number of middle class in China and India forecast to increase by what? over next 20 years
1.2 billion
10% increase in income equates to what % increase in beef consumption
5%
Global Supply is in what stage?
Tightening phase
Whats the worlds average beef consumption per capita?
Whats chinas beef consumption per capita?
6.4kg
3.8kg
What % is beef consumption to grow by from 2010-2020?
6% or 4 million tonnes
Where is a key destination for all beef trade?
Asia - accounts for 35% of trade
What country is the main driver of global demand of beef?
China
What is production like in Brazil of beef?
Production decline for 3rd consecutive year- but exports recovering with china a key driver
