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Unit 8 > MCP > Flashcards

MCP Flashcards

1
Q

clinical correlation: rare, inherited, mutations that encode sterolin transporters, increased phytosterols in blood and tissues, tuberous xanthomas, coronary atherosclerosis

A

sitosterolemia

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2
Q

clinical correlation: low bile salts or high cholesterol, treat with laproscopic cholesystectomy

A

cholelithiasis

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3
Q

bile (acids/salts) are better detergents because they are more amphipathic

A

conjugated ionized bile salts are better detergents

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4
Q

bile salts lost in feces daily is (more than/less than/equal to) the bile salts made daily by liver

A

equal to

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5
Q

how do statins lower cholesterol

A

they are structural analogs of HMG and competitively inhibit HMG CoA R-ase, inhibiting cholesterol synthesis

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6
Q

RDS in cholesterol synthesis (substrate, product, enzyme)

A

HMG CoA to mevalonate by HMG CoA Reductase

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7
Q

8 steps from mevalonate to cholesterol. Number the carbons in each intermediate

A

mevalonate has 6C > 5PPmevalonate has 6C > IPP has 5C >DMPP has 5C > GPP has 10C > FPP has 15C > squalene has 30C > lanosterol has 30C > cholesterol has 27C

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8
Q

in the synthesis of cholesterol, what is the purpose of release of pyrophosphate

A

makes reactions irreversible

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9
Q

in the synthesis of cholesterol, what is the purpose of phosphorylation

A

makes intermediates more soluble in water

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10
Q

which intermediates in synthesis of cholesterol need carrier proteins

A

squalene, lanosterol, cholesterol

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11
Q

(insulin/glucagon) upregulates HMG CoA R-ase activity

A

insulin (HMG CoA R-ase=synthesis of cholesterol=anabolic)

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12
Q

(phosphorylation/dephosphorylation) INACTIVATES HMG CoA R-ase

A

phosphorylation

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13
Q

high cholesterol (increases/decreases) HMG CoA R-ase activity

A

decreases (binds sterol sensing domain on the enzyme which triggers ubiquitination>proteasomal degradation, also binds sterol sensing domain on SCAP so SCAP-SREBP2 can’t migrate to golgi to cleave SREBP to increase txn)

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14
Q

Apo _: Structural protein (HDL); LCAT activator; Involved in RCT; ligand for ABCA1 and SR-B1

A

A-I

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15
Q

Apo _: structural protein HDL, inhibits LCAT,

A

A-II

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16
Q

Apo _: structural protein (VLDL, LDL), VLDL assembly, LDLR binding, one copy for each VLDL

A

B-100

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17
Q

Apo _: structural protein (LDL, VLDL), VLDL assembly, LDLR binding, produced in intestine, chylomicron metab

A

B-48

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18
Q

Apo _: can be exchanged freely among lipoprotein particles, important for TG metab bc they interfere with recognition of ApoE by LP receptors or displace ApoE from lipoproteins

A

C’s

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19
Q

Apo C (I/II/III): LCAT activator

A

I

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20
Q

Apo C (I/II/III): lipoprotein lipase activator

A

II

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21
Q

Apo C (I/II/III): inhibits lipoprotein lipase

A

III

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22
Q

Apo E (2/3/4): normal

A

3 edited

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23
Q

Apo E (2/3/4): risk for type III hyperlipidemia

A

3

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24
Q

Apo E (2/3/4): Alzheimer’s

A

4

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25
Q

Apo _: modulates thrombosis/thrombolysis

A

(a)

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26
Q

(DRI/RDA): defined as the amount sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of 97-98% of healthy individuals in a given group

A

RDA = recommended daily allowance, varies for different populations

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27
Q

two water soluble vitamins

A

B and C

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28
Q

deficiencies arise more rapidly with (water/lipid) soluble vitamins

A

water solulbe, since they are excreted efficiently

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29
Q

Vit _: functions in visual cycle, antioxidant, retinoic acid acts as a hormone

A

A

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30
Q

Vit _: deficiency causes night blindness, xeropthalmia, follicular hyperkeratosis, anemia (despite normal iron intake), poor growth in children, increased susceptibility to cancer

A

A

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31
Q

three groups susceptible to Vit A def

A

poor, malnourished, premature babies

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32
Q

Vit _: functions in maintaining bone, calcium homeostasis, acts as a hormone

A

D

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33
Q

Vit _ def: rickets, osteomalacia, increased susceptibility to breast and other cancers, diabetes, and infection

A

D (toxic levels of Vit D can lead to high levels of calcium and bone loss–rare)

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34
Q

three groups susceptible to Vit D def

A

poor, elderly, alcoholics

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35
Q

Vit _: functions in localization of enzymes required for blood clotting, helps catalyze add’n of gamma-carboxyglutamate to clotting enzymes

A

K

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36
Q

Vit _ def: results in easy bruising, bleeding, hemorrhage

A

K

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37
Q

four groups susceptible to Vit K def

A

NEWBORN INFANTS, patients on long term antibiotics, elderly, pts with defects in fat absorption

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38
Q

why are newborns so susceptible to Vit K def

A

lack intestinal bacteria that makes vitamin K, and deficiency can lead to brain bleed. Vitamin K shot now given at delivery (prophylactic measure)

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39
Q

why are people on long term antibiotics susceptible to Vit K def

A

antibiotics kill intestinal bacteria that make vit K

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40
Q

Vit _: functions as antioxidant, protects membranes from damage, prevents oxidation of LDL

A

E

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41
Q

Vit _ def: CVD, neurological symptoms

A

E

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42
Q

Vit _: cofactor for oxidases
involved in collagen
formation, required for synthesis of steroids in stress
response (response to
trauma), aids absorption of iron, has antioxidant
activity

A

C

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43
Q

Vit _ def: mild causes bruising and immunocompromise, severe causes scurvy

A

C

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44
Q

name disease: decreased wound healing, osteoporosis, hemorrhage, anemia, fatigue

A

scurvy

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45
Q

two groups susceptible to Vit C def

A

smokers, ppl w/ poor diet

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46
Q

severe stress or trauma rapidly reduces serum Vit _

A

C

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47
Q

In addition to smoking, long-term treatment with aspirin,
oral contraceptives, and corticosteroids can decrease
serum vitamin _

A

C

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48
Q

corkscrew hairs and pinpoint hemorrhages are characteristic of ____ (dz)

A

scurvy, also severe periodontal dz

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49
Q

name B1

A

thiamine

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50
Q

name B2

A

riboflavin

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51
Q

name B3

A

niacin

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52
Q

name B5

A

pantothenic acid

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53
Q

name B6

A

pyridoxine

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54
Q

name B9

A

folate

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55
Q

name B12

A

cobalamin

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56
Q

name the hematopoietic B vitamins (two)

A

B9 and B12

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57
Q

name the energy releasing B vitamins (six)

A

B1, B2, B3, biotin, B5, B6

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58
Q

symptoms of def in energy releasing B vitamins show up first where

A

in rapidly dividing tissues–Nervous system also affected because of high
energy demand:
Peripheral neuropathy—tingling of extremities
Depression, confusion
Lack of coordination
Malaise

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59
Q

Vit _: required cofactor for several enzymes in energy metabolism, critical in nervous system

A

B1 (TPP)

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60
Q 
name disease: • Moderate/severe thiamine deficiency,
most commonly seen in chronic
alcoholics
• Characterized by mental disturbance,
 unsteady gate, and uncoordinated eye
movements
• Occasionally congestive heart failure
A

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

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61
Q

name disease: Very Severe thiamine deficiency: 19th century

Japan- switch to polished rice induced disease

A

Beri Beri

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62
Q 
Vit _: Precursor
of FAD and FMN, key
coenzymes for redox
reactions involved in
energy metabolism
A

B2

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63
Q 
Vit _ def: —rash
around nose,
inflammation of mouth
and tongue, burning
and itchy eyes, light
sensitivity
A

ariboflavinosis B2

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64
Q 
Vit _: Precursor
of NAD and NADP
 coenzymes important in
redox reactions of
energy metabolism
• Given to patients with
hyper-cholesterolemia
or hypertriglyceridemia
 (high doses)
A

B3

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65
Q

Vit _ def: pellagra

A

B3 niacin

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66
Q

name disease: dermatitis,diarrhea,
and mental symptoms
(confusion, memory
loss, mania)

A

Pellagra

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67
Q

group susceptible to B3 def

A

People with corn or

millet based diets

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68
Q

Vit _: coenzyme for several carboxylases. Def is rare but can be caused by eating a lot of raw eggs

A

biotin

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69
Q 
Vit _: Required for the
synthesis of CoA
CoA is a coenzyme for
up to 70 different
enzymes
Required for TCA
cycle and metabolism
of all fats and
proteins
A

B5

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70
Q

Vit _: Required for glycogen
breakdown,and
synthesis of GABA
and heme

A

B6. Also precursor of pyridoxal phosphate PLP enzyme cofactor

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71
Q

group susceptible to B6 def

A

patients treated with TB drugs

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72
Q 
Vit _ def: Mild—irritability,
nervousness,
depression
Severe—peripheral neuropathy,
convulsions, decreased
glucose tolerance,
hyperhomocysteinemia
(cardiovascular risk),
anemia
A

B6

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73
Q

Vit _: functions as precursor of THF, co enzyme involved in generating precursors for DNA and protein synthesis

A

B9 folate

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74
Q

Vit _ def: neural tube defects in newborns of deficient mothers
–macrocytic anemia, hyperhomocysteinemia (cardiovascular risk)

A

B9 folate

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75
Q

five groups susceptible to folate B9 def

A

pregnant women, elderly, alcoholics, patients with long-term drug treatments, genetic polymorphisms in folate metab

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76
Q

folate supplementation during pregnancy can prevent

A

neural tube defects

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77
Q

Vit _: functions as coenzyme in methionine synthesis and in conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl Coa, needed in folate metab

A

B12 cobalamin

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78
Q

Vit _ def: pernicious megaloblastic anemia with demyelination

A

B12 cobalamin (need intrinsic factor)

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79
Q

three groups susceptible to B12 cobalamin def

A

elderly, patients with malabsorption dz, long-term vegetarians

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80
Q

mineral _: functions as a major component of bone, signaling, coagulation, muscle contraction, neurotransmission

A

calcium

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81
Q

mineral _ def: muscle cramps, osteoporosis. severe: rickets

A

calcium

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82
Q

three groups susceptible to calcium def

A

children, adult women, elderly

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83
Q

mineral _: essential for enzymes using ATP as substrate, present at high levels in bone

A

magnesium

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84
Q

mineral _ def: weakness, tremors, cardiac arrhythmia

A

magnesium

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85
Q

two groups susceptible to magnesium def

A

alcoholics, patients taking diuretics/severe vomiting and diarrhea

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86
Q

mineral _: major component of bone, constituent of nucleic acids and membrane lipids, required in all energy producing reactions

A

phosphorus

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87
Q

mineral _ def: rare, can result in rickets, muscle breakdown, weakness, seizure

A

phosphorus–abundant in food supply

88
Q

mineral _: functions in O2/CO2 transport, oxidative phosphorylation, cofactor in cytochromes, redox

A

iron

89
Q

mineral _ def: microcytic hypochromic anemia, decreased immunity

A

iron

90
Q

four groups susceptible to iron def

A

children, menstruating women, pregnant women, elderly

91
Q

Reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ is promoted by vitamin _ in

diet. (Vitamin _ deficiency causes mild anemia.)

A

C

92
Q

Low pH in stomach helps release Fe_+ from ligands and makes it bioavailable.

A

3+

93
Q

iron is (free/escorted) in circulation and cells

A

escorted bc of potential for redox damage

94
Q

___ (mineral) deficient anemia: microcytic, small, pale RBCs, less Hb is produced

A

iron deficient

95
Q

name disease: long term iron toxicity

A

hemochromatosis

96
Q

name dz: –iron overload leads to iron deposits in multiple
tissues. Leads to compromised liver, pancreatic, and cardiac function.
–ultimately can compromise mitochondrial
function leading to lactic acidosis

A

hemochromatosis

97
Q

most common cause of death due to toxicity in

children under 6, comes from consumption of adult supplements

A

acute iron overdose in children

98
Q

mineral _: assists iron absorption thru ceruloplasmin, cofactor for enzymes required in collagen synthesis, fatty acid metab, elimination of ROS

A

copper

99
Q

mineral _ def: rare. anemia, hypercholesterolemia, fragility of large arteries, bone demineralization and demyelination

A

copper

100
Q

two groups susceptible to copper def

A

Menkes’ genetic syndrome, pts consuming excessive zinc

101
Q

____ disease comes from mutations in

Cu transporter ATP7A

A

Menkes

102
Q 
Need to transport \_\_
into Golgi to supply \_\_
To enzymes like
Lysyl oxidase. These enzymes are
secreted without
\_\_ if ATP7A is
missing
A

copper

103
Q

____disease comes from mutations in ATP7B, a

relative of ATP7A, but results in copper overload.

A

Wilson’s

104
Q

____ disease: Copper is not sequestered properly, and accumulates in
liver with severe liver and nervous system symptoms.
Results in liver failure and liver cancer.

A

Wilson’s

105
Q

mineral _: cofactor for over 300 metalloenzymes, plays a structural role in many proteins

A

Zn

106
Q 
mineral _ def: Poor wound healing, dermatitis,
reduced taste acuity,
poor growth and
impaired sexual
development in children
A

Zinc

107
Q

four groups susceptible to Zn def

A

alcoholics, elderly, people with malabsorption or kidney disease

108
Q

earliest symptom of Zn def

A

dermatitis

109
Q

mineral _: component of chromodulin which facilitates insulin binding to its receptor

A

chromium

110
Q

mineral _ def: impaired glucose tolerance from reduced insulin effectiveness

A

chromium

111
Q

one population susceptible to chromium def

A

those with impaired glucose tolerance

112
Q

mineral _def: goiter, hyper/hypo thyroidism

A

iodine

113
Q

mineral _: incorporated into T3 and T4, regulates BMR

A

iodine

114
Q

Low [I] stimulates increased thyroid stimulating
hormone, results in enlarged thyroid characteristic
of ____

A

goiter

115
Q

mineral _: component of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase), component of deiodinase enzymes involved in T3/T4 metab

A

selenium

116
Q 
mineral _ def: Keshan
disease (in areas with
little \_\_in soil)—
cardiomyopathy and
cretinism
A

selenium

117
Q

mineral _ is a cofactor in arginase, pyruvate carboxylase,

superoxide dismutase

A

manganese

118
Q

mineral _ is a cofactor in xanthene oxidase

A

molybdenum

119
Q

mineral _ is incorporated into bones and teeth, strengthening them

A

fluoride

120
Q

boron is involved in ___formation

A

bone

121
Q

mineral _ is a component of amino acids and used in certain post-translational modifications

A

sulfur

122
Q

children are most susceptible to what two mineral deficiencies

A

iron and calcium

123
Q

teenagers are most susceptible to what kind of vitamin and mineral def

A

calcium, magnesium, Vitamin A, C, B6

124
Q

women are most susceptible to what five vitamin and mineral def

A

iron, calcium, magnesium, B6, folate

125
Q

elderly are most susceptible to what five vitamin and mineral def

A

B6, B12, D, Zn, chromium

126
Q

alcoholics are most susceptible to what three vitamin/mineral deficiencies especially

A

folate, B6, thiamine. but multiple deficiencies

127
Q

which apoprotein is only made in the intestine

A

B48

128
Q

density of chylomicron is (proportional/inversely proportional) to size

A

inversely proportional to size. more proteins:lipids = more dense

129
Q

nascent (VLDL/chylomicron): B100 on surface

A

VLDL

130
Q

nascent (VLDL/chylomicron): B48 on surface

A

chylomicron

131
Q

HDL supplies __ and __ apoproteins to chylomicrons and VLDL

A

C II and Apo E

132
Q

When VLDL loses its CII and Apo E to HDL, it becomes ___ and is endocytosed by liver

A

LDL

133
Q

before entering the capillaries, VLDL and chylomicrons have (more/less) TAG and (less/more) cholesterol esters

A

more TAG, less cholesterol esters. After the capillary, more cholesterol esters than TAG.

134
Q

function of ___: provide cholesterol to peripheral tissues and return it to liver

A

LDL

135
Q

CURL=

A

compartment for uncoupling receptor and ligand (LDL receptor and LDL in clathrin coated pit)

136
Q

the LDL binding region on LDL receptor is rich in ____ (aa) residues

A

cysteine

137
Q

which domain of the LDL receptor associates with clathrin pit and initiates endocytosis

A

6, the cytosolic domain

138
Q

which domain of the LDL receptor is the alpha helix through the bilayer

A

5

139
Q

which domain of the LDL receptor makes the binding domain more accessible to LDL by moving it away from the membrane

A

3 and 4

140
Q

which domain of the LDL receptor undergoes a conformational change in low pH, causing release of LDL from the receptor

A

2

141
Q

__: formed by addition of lipids to Apo A I

A

HDL

142
Q

__: serves as a circulating supplier of Apo C II and Apo E

A

HDL

143
Q

shape of nascent HDL

A

discoid–contains phospholipids and Apo A, C, E. Takes up cholesterol from peripheral tissues and returns it to liver

144
Q

enzyme in reverse cholesterol transport

A

LCAT

145
Q

when macrophages consume excess oxidized lipoproteins, they become:

A

foam cells

146
Q

foam cells release ____ and ____ which cause the migration of myofibroblasts to the intima where they proliferate and take up lipid

A

growth factors and cytokines

147
Q

not produced in ob/ob mice (leptin/leptin receptors)

A

leptin–from fat tissue

148
Q

not produced in db/db mice (leptin/leptin receptors)

A

leptin receptors–hyth

149
Q

lysyl oxidase is involved in the cross-linking step in Type _ collagen

A

I

150
Q

appetite hormone released by empty stomach (leptin/ghrelin/CCK)

A

ghrelin

151
Q

(visceral/peripheral) obesity is characteristic of metabolic syndrome

A

visceral (android)

152
Q

where is the leptin receptor synthesized

A

hyth

153
Q

niacin (has/does not have) significant stores in tissues

A

has

154
Q

prolyl and lysyl hydroxylase utilize vitamin _ as a cofactor

A

C (ascorbate)

155
Q

which of the following are required for collagen biosynthesis: (lysyl/prolyl/hydroxylase)

A

all three

156
Q

leptin release normally (increases/decreases) with body mass

A

increases

157
Q

UCP1 promotes adaptive thermogenesis in the presence of _____ (substrate for symporter)

A

free fatty acids

158
Q

Appetite-inhibiting signal released from endocrine cells associated with the colon and distal small intestine that acts on cells in the hypothalamus: (CCK/PYY3-36)

A

PYY3-36

159
Q

required for collagen biosynthesis: (Vit C/copper/iron/biotin)

A

Vit C, copper, iron

160
Q

Vit B_ is required for biosynthesis of B_ from tryptophan

A

Vit B2 required for synthesis of B3

161
Q

Vit B_ is required for transformation of inactive B6 to active B6

A

B2

162
Q

formation of CoA requires _____ acid, a B-complex vitamin

A

pantothenic

163
Q

in metabolic syndrome, which are elevated: (insulin in blood/triglyceride in blood/HDL in blood/blood pressure)

A

insulin, triglyceride, blood pressure. HDL is low

164
Q

name the B vitamin that: reverses pellagra, co-factor of redox, no significant stores in tissues, used in conjunction with statins for tx of hypercholesterolemia

A

niacin B3

165
Q

def in which can correlate to anemia: (B12/B2/folic acid/iron/copper)

A

all except B2 (so: folic acid, B12, iron, copper)

166
Q

lysyl (oxidase/hydroxylase) contributes to cross linking in Type I collagen

A

oxidase

167
Q

MOI G6PD deficiency

A

X linked

168
Q

is electrophoretic mobility of G6PD related to activity of enzyme

A

no

169
Q

what is the evolutionary benefit of G6PD def

A

protects against malaria

170
Q

what are Heinz bodies in G6PD def

A

insoluble precipitates that become attached to cell cytoskeleton > RBC gets destroyed in spleen

171
Q

(superoxide/NADP+) is produced in the phagosome as a result of NADPH oxidase

A

superoxide

172
Q

(superoxide/NADP+) is produced in the cytosolas a result of NADPH oxidase

A

NADP+

173
Q

why do normal phagocytes reduce the dye NBT only after they have been activated

A

superoxide reduces NBT

174
Q

what molecular moiety donates an electron directly to O2 in the respiratory burst oxidase reaction

A

cyt b558

175
Q

in what cells is myeloperoxidase found

A

neutrophils

176
Q

what rxn is catalyzed by myeloperoxidase

A

H2O2 to HOCl

177
Q

what is the effect of opening the Permeability Transition pore on the IMM

A

dissipates membrane potential > can’t make ATP > necrotic cell death

178
Q

how do chelators that bind iron or copper tightly prevent reperfusion injury

A

prevent the Fenton reaction, can’t make OH radical

179
Q

allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase, which inhibits formation of which free radical

A

superoxide

180
Q

hydroxyl radicals (are/aren’t) effectively scavenged by SOD and catalase

A

aren’t

181
Q

enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to hypochlorous acid in the phagosome.

A

myeloperoxidase

182
Q

Produced in the oxidation of hemoglobin by molecular oxygen: (superoxide/H2O2/OH radical/HOCl)

A

superoxide

183
Q

substrate for catalase: (superoxide/H2O2/OH radical/HOCl)

A

H2O2

184
Q

produced by myeloperoxidase (superoxide/H2O2/OH radical/HOCl)

A

HOCl

185
Q

(superoxide/H2O2/OH radical/HOCl): generated in the nonenzymatic reduction of H2O2 by Fe2+

A

hydroxyl radical

186
Q

(superoxide/H2O2/OH radical/HOCl): generated by the decomposition of peroxynitrite (ONOO + H+ –> ONOOH –> OH + NO2

A

hydroxyl radical

187
Q

which are least dense (chylomicrons/VLDL)

A

Chylomicron

188
Q

During biosynthesis of VLDL in the liver, a large fraction of the total cholesterol in the particle is in the free form because: (ACAT levels are low/lysosomal cholesterol esterase activity is elevated)

A

ACAT levels are low

189
Q

When cholesterol levels in the cell are (low/high), S1P protease will be inactive and cleavage of SREBP will not proceed

A

high

190
Q

When cells previously growing in a cholesterol-free environment are exposed to excess LDL cholesterol, SCAP will (remain in/exit) the ER

A

remain in

191
Q

Which lipoprotein has the following approximate composition (by weight), 50% cholesterol/cholesterol esters : 10% triacylglyerols : 20% protein? (HDL/LDL)

A

LDL

192
Q

reverse cholesterol transport would be reduced under (high LDL levels/Apo AI deficiency)

A

Apo AI def

193
Q

Apo __ is a risk factor for atherosclerosis because it accumulates to higher levels in VLDL than other alleles do

A

E2

194
Q

(VLDL/LDL) has a half life in serum of 3 days

A

LDL

195
Q

Both pancreatic and lipoprotein lipases (require CII for efficient binding of enzyme to substrate/hydrolyze ester bonds)

A

hydrolyze ester bonds

196
Q

Compared to newly assembled chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants have a (lower/higher) ratio of TAGs to cholesteryl esters

A

lower

197
Q

Compared to newly assembled chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants have a (lower/higher) density

A

higher

198
Q

(Long-chain fatty acids/TAGs) used by the heart as fuel may be:

A

long chain fatty acids

199
Q

When cholesterol levels in the cell are (low/high), S1P protease will be inactive and cleavage of SREBP will not proceed

A

high

200
Q

obesity is a (minor/major) risk factor for atherosclerosis

A

minor

201
Q

synthesis of cholesterol requires _ HMG-CoA’s

A

6

202
Q

A decrease of cholesterol-7a-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) activity would (increase/decrease) bile acid production

A

decrease

203
Q

A decrease in cholesterol-7-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) activity would (increase/decrease) risk for atherosclerosis

A

increase

204
Q

(VLDL/LDL/HDL): approx 50% protein by weight

A

HDL

205
Q

(hepatic/lipoprotein) lipase hydrolyzes triglycerides in VLDL remnants

A

heptaic lipase

206
Q

(LCAT/lipoprotein lipase) involves hydrolysis of TG

A

lipoprotein lipase

207
Q

Apo _ is the ligand for LDL uptake through the LDL receptor

A

Apo B-100

208
Q

HMG-CoA reductase: (phosphorylated/unphosphorylated) enzyme is more active

A

unphos

209
Q

Type III hyperlipoproteinemia is: associated with presence of Apo _

A

E2

210
Q

Type III hyperlipoproteinemia is associated with (reduced/elevated) TG

A

elevated

211
Q

Type III hyperlipoproteinemia is associated with abnormal migration of (LDL/HDL)

A

LDL

212
Q

Type (III/II) hyperlipoproteinemia is associated with a mutation in the LDL receptor

A

II

213
Q

heavy drinking: insulin levels go (up/down)

A

down

214
Q

As large amounts of ethanol are metabolized, serum (glucose/lactate) concentration goes down

A

glucose

215
Q

alcohol dehydrogenase is found in the (ER/cytoplasm/mit) of liver cells

A

cytoplasm

216
Q

Result of acat def (increase/decrease) in amount of cellular cholesterol esters

A

Decrease

Unit 8 (5 decks)

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