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Unit 8 > Histo > Flashcards

Histo Flashcards

1
Q

how are endocrine glands different from exocrine glands

A

they act long distance, so they’re in close contact with capillaries, loose duct cells

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2
Q

anterior pituitary (oral ectoderm/neuroectoderm)

A

oral ectoderm, epithelial

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3
Q

posterior pituitary (oral ectoderm/neuroectoderm)

A

neuroectoderm

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4
Q

hormones produced by chromophil cells of adenohypophysis

A

acidophils and basophils: GH, prolactin, LH, TSH, FSH, ACTH

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5
Q

two hormones secreted by neurohypophysis

A

ADH (vasopressin) and oxytocin

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6
Q

where are ADH and oxytocin synthesized

A

in neurons in hypothalamic nuclei

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7
Q

adrenal (cortex/medulla) makes epi and NE

A

medulla

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8
Q

adrenal (cortex/medulla) makes steroid hormones

A

cortex

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9
Q

central nucleus, lipid droplets, abundant SER, spherical mitochondria: these are characteristics of ____ producing cells

A

steroid

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10
Q

which cells in the adrenal gland react with silver salts

A

chromaffin cells in the medulla (electron dense secretory granules)

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11
Q

cells in the pancreas make: alpha, beta, delta, and PP (aka F)

A

alpha-glucagon, beta-insulin, delta-somatostatin, PP or F-pancreatic polypeptide

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12
Q

major secretory product of thyroid follicular cells

A

thyroid hormone

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13
Q

function of parafollicular cells of thyroid: control __ levels in blood

A

calcium

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14
Q

three types of hormones produced by adipose tissue

A

leptin (appetite), adiponectin (regulates FA and glucose metab), and steroid hormones (androgens and estrogens)

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15
Q

what does B-FLAT stand for

A

basophilic cells of ant pit secrete Fsh, Lh, Acth, Tsh

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16
Q

what does GPA stand for

A

Growth hormone and Prolactin are secreted by the Acidophilic cells of the ant pit

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17
Q

what does “salt, sugar, sex” mean

A

order of products of adrenal cortex: mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens

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18
Q

three zones of adrenal cortex from outside in

A

glomerulosa, fasciculata, reticularis

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19
Q

cells producing (protein/steroid) hormones: abundant rough ER, acentric nuc, prominent golgi, hormones secreted in secretory granules

A

protein hormones

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20
Q

endocrine function of testes (produce steroid hormones/produce spermatozoa)

A

produce steroid hormones (testosterone)

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21
Q

exocrine function of testes (produce steroid hormones/produce spermatozoa)

A

produce spermatozoa

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22
Q

what is the serous sac covering the anterolateral surface of each testis

A

tunica vaginalis

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23
Q

vessels and ducts pass through the ________ (2 words) as they enter and leave the testis

A

mediastinum testis

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24
Q

epithelium in seminiferous tubules:

A

stratified germinal epithelium

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25
Q

epithelium in tubuli recti:

A

sertoli or simple cuboidal

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26
Q

epithelium in rete testis

A

simple–varies squamous to columnar

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27
Q

epithelium in ductuli efferentes

A

simple non ciliated cuboidal and simple ciliated columnar (only true ciliated columnar in genital tract)

28
Q

epithelium in ductus epididymus

A

pseudostratified columnar

29
Q

epithelium in ductus deferens

A

pseudostrat columnar with stereocilia

30
Q

in spermatogenesis, (spermatogonia/spermatocytes) divide in first meitoic division

A

spermatogonia

31
Q

in spermatogenesis, (spermatogonia/spermatocytes) divide in second meitoic division

A

spermatocytes

32
Q

release of spermatozoa from Sertoli cells is called

A

spermiation

33
Q

where are mitochondria concentrated on the spermatozoa

A

proximal tail

34
Q

(Sertoli cells/epididymus): support germ cells, phagocytosis, secretion, blood-testis barrier

A

Sertoli

35
Q

(Sertoli cells/epididymus): maturation of sperm, reabsorption of testicular fluid, phagocytosis, contraction to expel sperm during ejaculation

A

epididymus

36
Q

(Sertoli/Leydig) cells: produce testosterone

A

Leydig

37
Q

(Leydig/Sertoli) cells: secrete androgen binding protein to concentrate testosterone in seminiferous tubules

A

Sertoli

38
Q

what is cryptochridism

A

failure of testes to drop–bad because they get too hot

39
Q

most of the testicular fluid is produced by (Sertoli/ductus epididymus)

A

Sertoli

40
Q

most of the testicular fluid is absorbed by (Sertoli/ductus epididymus)

A

ductus epididymus

41
Q

(epididymus/vas deferens): stereocilia

A

vas deferens

42
Q

passive sperm transport (seminiferous tubules to ductuli efferentes/ductuli efferentes to urethra)

A

seminiferous tubules to ductuli efferentes

43
Q

active sperm transport (seminiferous tubules to ductuli efferentes/ductuli efferentes to urethra)

A

ductuli efferentes to urethra

44
Q

secretions from (prostate/seminal vesicles/Littre) liquefy the semen

A

prostate

45
Q

secretions from (prostate/seminal vesicles/Littre) have fructose

A

seminal vesicles

46
Q

secretions from (prostate/seminal vesicles/Littre) lubricate the penile urethra

A

Littre

47
Q

order that secretions from accessory glands are released during ejaculation

A

Bulburethral + Littre then prostate and spermatozoa then seminal vesicle fluid

48
Q

secretions from (prostate/seminal vesicles/Littre) add the greatest volume to semen

A

seminal vesicles

49
Q

(transition/central/peripheral) zone of the prostate: surrounds urethra

A

transition

50
Q

(transition/central/peripheral) zone of the prostate: surrounds ejaculatory ducts

A

central

51
Q

(transition/central/peripheral) zone of the prostate: site of origin of most prostate cancers

A

peripheral

52
Q

(transition/central/peripheral) zone of the prostate: site of benign prostatic hypertrophy

A

transition

53
Q

what are prostatic concretions

A

calcified prostatic secretion forming concentric condensations–observed in lumen of glands

54
Q

are increased prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels diagnostic of prostate cancer?

A

no–they can occur with BPH and inflammation. Diagnosis requires needle biopsy

55
Q

proliferative phase uterine glands are (wide/narrow)

A

narrow

56
Q

menstrual phase uterine glands are (long/short)

A

short

57
Q

secretory phase uterine glands are (straight/coiled)

A

coiled

58
Q

the duct in male repro with scalloped edges

A

efferent

59
Q

(Prostate/breast) glands have surrounding fibromuscular stroma

A

prostate

60
Q

(Prostate/breast) glands have surrounding loose connective tissue

A

breast

61
Q

which is bigger (primary spermatocyte/early spermatid)

A

primary spermatocyte

62
Q

(trabeculae penis/rete testis) lined with flat endothelial cells that are stretched out with barely visible nuclei

A

trabeculae penis

63
Q

(trabeculae penis/rete testis) lined with high density of taller epithelial cells with easily detected purple staining nuclei

A

rete testis

64
Q

(trabeculae penis/rete testis) blood in the spaces

A

trabeculae penis

65
Q

(trabeculae penis/rete testis) sperm in the spaces

A

rete testis

Unit 8 (5 decks)

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