Histo Flashcards
how are endocrine glands different from exocrine glands
they act long distance, so they’re in close contact with capillaries, loose duct cells
anterior pituitary (oral ectoderm/neuroectoderm)
oral ectoderm, epithelial
posterior pituitary (oral ectoderm/neuroectoderm)
neuroectoderm
hormones produced by chromophil cells of adenohypophysis
acidophils and basophils: GH, prolactin, LH, TSH, FSH, ACTH
two hormones secreted by neurohypophysis
ADH (vasopressin) and oxytocin
where are ADH and oxytocin synthesized
in neurons in hypothalamic nuclei
adrenal (cortex/medulla) makes epi and NE
medulla
adrenal (cortex/medulla) makes steroid hormones
cortex
central nucleus, lipid droplets, abundant SER, spherical mitochondria: these are characteristics of ____ producing cells
steroid
which cells in the adrenal gland react with silver salts
chromaffin cells in the medulla (electron dense secretory granules)
cells in the pancreas make: alpha, beta, delta, and PP (aka F)
alpha-glucagon, beta-insulin, delta-somatostatin, PP or F-pancreatic polypeptide
major secretory product of thyroid follicular cells
thyroid hormone
function of parafollicular cells of thyroid: control __ levels in blood
calcium
three types of hormones produced by adipose tissue
leptin (appetite), adiponectin (regulates FA and glucose metab), and steroid hormones (androgens and estrogens)
what does B-FLAT stand for
basophilic cells of ant pit secrete Fsh, Lh, Acth, Tsh
what does GPA stand for
Growth hormone and Prolactin are secreted by the Acidophilic cells of the ant pit
what does “salt, sugar, sex” mean
order of products of adrenal cortex: mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens
three zones of adrenal cortex from outside in
glomerulosa, fasciculata, reticularis
cells producing (protein/steroid) hormones: abundant rough ER, acentric nuc, prominent golgi, hormones secreted in secretory granules
protein hormones
endocrine function of testes (produce steroid hormones/produce spermatozoa)
produce steroid hormones (testosterone)
exocrine function of testes (produce steroid hormones/produce spermatozoa)
produce spermatozoa
what is the serous sac covering the anterolateral surface of each testis
tunica vaginalis
vessels and ducts pass through the ________ (2 words) as they enter and leave the testis
mediastinum testis
epithelium in seminiferous tubules:
stratified germinal epithelium
epithelium in tubuli recti:
sertoli or simple cuboidal
epithelium in rete testis
simple–varies squamous to columnar
epithelium in ductuli efferentes
simple non ciliated cuboidal and simple ciliated columnar (only true ciliated columnar in genital tract)
epithelium in ductus epididymus
pseudostratified columnar
epithelium in ductus deferens
pseudostrat columnar with stereocilia
in spermatogenesis, (spermatogonia/spermatocytes) divide in first meitoic division
spermatogonia
in spermatogenesis, (spermatogonia/spermatocytes) divide in second meitoic division
spermatocytes
release of spermatozoa from Sertoli cells is called
spermiation
where are mitochondria concentrated on the spermatozoa
proximal tail
(Sertoli cells/epididymus): support germ cells, phagocytosis, secretion, blood-testis barrier
Sertoli
(Sertoli cells/epididymus): maturation of sperm, reabsorption of testicular fluid, phagocytosis, contraction to expel sperm during ejaculation
epididymus
(Sertoli/Leydig) cells: produce testosterone
Leydig
(Leydig/Sertoli) cells: secrete androgen binding protein to concentrate testosterone in seminiferous tubules
Sertoli
what is cryptochridism
failure of testes to drop–bad because they get too hot
most of the testicular fluid is produced by (Sertoli/ductus epididymus)
Sertoli
most of the testicular fluid is absorbed by (Sertoli/ductus epididymus)
ductus epididymus
(epididymus/vas deferens): stereocilia
vas deferens
passive sperm transport (seminiferous tubules to ductuli efferentes/ductuli efferentes to urethra)
seminiferous tubules to ductuli efferentes
active sperm transport (seminiferous tubules to ductuli efferentes/ductuli efferentes to urethra)
ductuli efferentes to urethra
secretions from (prostate/seminal vesicles/Littre) liquefy the semen
prostate
secretions from (prostate/seminal vesicles/Littre) have fructose
seminal vesicles
secretions from (prostate/seminal vesicles/Littre) lubricate the penile urethra
Littre
order that secretions from accessory glands are released during ejaculation
Bulburethral + Littre then prostate and spermatozoa then seminal vesicle fluid
secretions from (prostate/seminal vesicles/Littre) add the greatest volume to semen
seminal vesicles
(transition/central/peripheral) zone of the prostate: surrounds urethra
transition
(transition/central/peripheral) zone of the prostate: surrounds ejaculatory ducts
central
(transition/central/peripheral) zone of the prostate: site of origin of most prostate cancers
peripheral
(transition/central/peripheral) zone of the prostate: site of benign prostatic hypertrophy
transition
what are prostatic concretions
calcified prostatic secretion forming concentric condensations–observed in lumen of glands
are increased prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels diagnostic of prostate cancer?
no–they can occur with BPH and inflammation. Diagnosis requires needle biopsy
proliferative phase uterine glands are (wide/narrow)
narrow
menstrual phase uterine glands are (long/short)
short
secretory phase uterine glands are (straight/coiled)
coiled
the duct in male repro with scalloped edges
efferent
(Prostate/breast) glands have surrounding fibromuscular stroma
prostate
(Prostate/breast) glands have surrounding loose connective tissue
breast
which is bigger (primary spermatocyte/early spermatid)
primary spermatocyte
(trabeculae penis/rete testis) lined with flat endothelial cells that are stretched out with barely visible nuclei
trabeculae penis
(trabeculae penis/rete testis) lined with high density of taller epithelial cells with easily detected purple staining nuclei
rete testis
(trabeculae penis/rete testis) blood in the spaces
trabeculae penis
(trabeculae penis/rete testis) sperm in the spaces
rete testis
