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Molecular and Cellular Physiology > MCP 35: Lymphoid II > Flashcards

MCP 35: Lymphoid II Flashcards

1
Q

central lymphoid system

A

thymus and bone marrow

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2
Q

peripheral lymphoid system

A

after T and B cells mature in bone marrow and thymus, they travel through blood and lodge in a part of the peripheral lymphoid system

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3
Q

encapsulated

A

organ completely surround by connective tissue,

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4
Q

encapsulated organs

A

permanent i.e. lymph nodes, spleen

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5
Q

unencapsulted organs

A

transitory, MALT houses 85% of lymphatic tissue

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6
Q

lymph node ecotaxis, B-cells

A

superficial cortex and medulla

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7
Q

lymph node ecotaxis, T-cells

A

paracortex

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8
Q

blood ecotaxis, B-cells

A

low

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9
Q

lymph ecotaxis, B-cells

A

low

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10
Q

mucosal tissue ecotaxis, B-cells

A

high

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11
Q

spleen ecotaxis, T-cells

A

PALS

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12
Q

blood ecotaxis, T-cells

A

high

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13
Q

lymph ecotaxis, T-cells

A

high

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14
Q

muscosal tissue ecotaxis, T-cells

A

low

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15
Q

ecotaxis

A

lymphoid cells hone to certain areas based on cell receptor signals

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16
Q

circulating lymphocyte

A

have large nuclei, T-cell most common type of circulating lymphoid cell

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17
Q

diffuse lymphoid tissue

A

lymphocytes migrante to various locations within the mucosal tissue, i.e. the GI track, secretes IgA, most likely B-cells

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18
Q

major lymphoid tissues

A

circulating lymphocytes, diffuse lymphoid tissue, solitary nodules, aggregated nodules, specific organs

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19
Q

MALT

A

muscosa-associated lymphatic tissue, can be single cells, clusters of cells, or aggregation of cells

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20
Q

IgA

A

secreted from muscosa, prevents pathogen from invading mucosa

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21
Q

mechanism for IgA secretion

A

pathogen stimulates B-cell into plasma cells and produces IgA, secreted as dimer with secretory pieces from epithelia to protect from being degraded during transcytosis

22
Q

solitary nodules

A

aggregation of single lymphocytes and diffuse lymphatic tissue in response to local infection, occur in MALT and lymph nodes, not encapsulated, transitory

23
Q

secondary nodules

A

dark outer mantle and lighter staining germinal center,

24
Q

lymph nodes

A

filter the lymph

25
Q

spleen

A

filters the blood

26
Q

aggregated nodules

A

semi permanent, not fully encapsulated, grow and recede due to the presence of antigens; tonsils, Payer’s patches, vermiform appendix,

27
Q

Peyer’s patches

A

aggregated nodule–in ilium of small intestine, M-cells (micro fold cells) facilitate direct interaction between pathogen and macrophage

28
Q

germinal center of solitary node

A

light in color because lymphocytes have transformed into plasma cells and have more cytoplasm; mantle hosts inactive lymphocytes

29
Q

vermiform appendix

A

aggregated nodule–can rupture in young people but less of an issue in older people because immune system declines, located at the McBurney’s point

30
Q

thymus

A

T-cells mature here, capsulated, light staining medulla and darker staining cortex (contain T-cells and blood thymus barrier), Hassall’s corpuscles, thymus blood barrier, looses immune function with age

31
Q

Hassall’s corpuscles

A

distinguishing characteristic of thymus, epithelial reticular cells

32
Q

trabeculae of thymus

A

canals that divide lobes into different regions

33
Q

T-cell maturation in thymus

A

stem cells from bone marrow enter the cortex and move toward medulla, inefficient process, 95% of T-cells end up being recognized as “self” and are destroyed

34
Q

lymph nodes

A

can be used as a marker for cancer methastosis, to see if it spreads

35
Q

epithelial reticular cells

A

scaffold on which T-cells mature, sometime they die and form a ball called Hassall’s corpuscles

36
Q

flow through lymph nodes

A

afferent lympahtic, subscapular sinus, trabeucular sinus, medullary sinus, exits through efferent lymphatics. Blood enters through the hillium into paracortical region (efferent lymphatics).

37
Q

lymph node cortex

A

contains B-cells and antigen presenting cells

38
Q

lymph node paracortical/deep cortext area

A

T-cells and antigen presenting cells here

39
Q

functions of spleen

A

1.) filters blood 2.) reservoir for platelet storage, 3.) destroys RBCs 4.) can participate in hematopoises if needed

40
Q

post capillary high endothelial venues (HEV)

A

main way for lymphocytes entering blood to go into lymph node; lined by cuboidal epithelium cells, lymphocytes can cross the HEVs to end up in the parenchyma of the lymph node where they interact with pathogens, in paracortical area

41
Q

red pulp of spleen

A

concentrated RBCs

42
Q

white pulp of spleen

A

concentrated WBCs,

43
Q

flow of blood through spleen

A

systemia arterial supply, central artery,

44
Q

central artery

A

surrounded by white pulp, some blood flows into the periphery in the marginal zone

45
Q

periarteriolar lymphatic sheaths (PALS)

A

collection of T-cells that monitor blood antigen content that surround the central artery, this is surrounded by a layer of B-cells

46
Q

marginal zone sinuses

A

ring of sinuses that the blood flows through at the periphery

47
Q

splenic sinusoids

A

do not let RBCs pass that are old

48
Q

open circulation

A

slow, accounts for 90%

49
Q

closed circulation

A

fast, accounts for 10%

50
Q

tonsils

A

partially encapsulated, part not encapsulated is surrounded by stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium

51
Q

positive and negative selection in thymus

A

Positive Selection: recognize self MHCs

Negative selection: recognize foreign Ag

Molecular and Cellular Physiology (14 decks)

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