MCP 33: Hematopoiesis

Question 1

hematopoiesis

Answer 1

how blood cells mature

Question 2

the production of blood cells during the first trimester

Answer 2

in yolk sac, primordial RBCs

Question 3

the production of blood cells during the second trimester

Answer 3

liver-spleen-thymus, RBCs, precursor granulocytes and megakaryocytes

Question 4

the production of blood cells during the third trimester

Answer 4

bone marrow and lymph nodes produce all blood types

Question 5

hematopoiesis in adulthood

Answer 5

by age 25, the axial skeleton is now the primary producer of these blood cells, not the long distal bones

Question 6

what happens as morphological characteristics increase

Answer 6

potentiality and self-renewing capabilities decrease

Question 7

role of mitosis in hematopoiesis

Answer 7

increases until mature blood cells, which don’t divide

Question 8

role of growth factors in hematopoiesis

Answer 8

growth factors are important at
all the stages, in particular progenitor
and precursor/-blasts

Question 9

differentiated activity in blood cells

Answer 9

only present in mature cells

Question 10

red marrow

Answer 10

highly vascular and more active, hematopoietically speaking, becomes replaced by adipose tissue with age

Question 11

venous sinusoids

Answer 11

provide a highway through bone to allow the mature blood cells to exit into the vasculature

Question 12

stromal cells

Answer 12

support hematopoiesis in bone marrow by secreting growth factors that help in development of blood cells

Question 13

erythropoiesis

Answer 13

1) size decreases, 2) hemoglobin increases, 3) ratio of mitochondria to RNA decrease and 4) Purple/blue colored nucleus becomes red/pink.

Question 14

erythropoietin

Answer 14

kidneys detect low blood oxygen levels, EPO secreted into blood, stimulated RBC growth at the progenitor level, increasing oxygen delivery to tissues , acts on Pro-erythroblast

Question 15

stages of erythropoiesis

Answer 15

Pro- erythroblast, Basophilic Erythroblast, Polychromatophilic Erythroblast, Normoblast, Reticulocyte, Erythrocyte

Question 16

reticulocyte

Answer 16

able to stain the RNA remnants of the reticulocyte using a supervital stain (cresyl blue). Reticulocytes will shed this reticular material to develop into mature erythrocytes, 1% of cells in blood are reticulocytes

Question 17

erythroblastic island

Answer 17

erythrocyte develops within the bone marrow. In the center of the island is a macrophage, which helps increase the efficiency of hematopoiesis by phagocytosing the nucleus extruded from the normoblast as well as any defective cells that are produced

Question 18

time for reticulocytes to turn into erythrocyte

Answer 18

one day

Question 19

excess of reticulocytes in the blood

Answer 19

could be an indication that the person is anemic (not enough erythrocytes) or has leukemia (overproduction of reticulocytes)

Question 20

stages of granulopoiesis

Answer 20

Myeloblast, Promyelocyte, Myelocyte, Metamyelocyte, Band Cell

Question 21

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma/Disease

Answer 21

large Reed-Sternberg cells are observed

Question 22

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Answer 22

Reed-Sternberg cells not observed

Question 23

lymphomas

Answer 23

cancers of the lymphoid tissue

Question 24

leukemias

Answer 24

cancers of cells from the myeloid lineage, classified by the type of precursor cell they exploit, primarily involve the bone marrow, where tumor cells replace normal hematopoietic tissue. A deficit of leukocytes results, leaving a person more susceptible to infection.

Question 25

acute

Answer 25

if the leukemia involves the overproduction of immature cells (i.e. myeloblasts, pro-erythroblasts, megakaryoblasts)

Question 26

chronic

Answer 26

if there is an overproduction of more mature cells, because they are generally less aggressive, chronic leukemias are more treatable

Question 27

bone marrow biopsy in adults

Answer 27

taken from the sternum, vertebrae, or the iliac spine

Question 28

bone marrow biopsy in children

Answer 28

tibia

Question 29

biopsy of normal bone marrow

Answer 29

Normal bone marrow aspirants show solid pink bone, white fat cells, and hematopoietic tissue

Question 30

biopsy of cancerous bone marrow

Answer 30

leukemia bone marrow aspirants is that the cells are more densely packed and the stain is darker due to the overproduction of a precursor or mature cell of myeloid lineage

Question 31

ontology follow phylogeny

Answer 31

the developmental stages an embro goes through illustrate the forms of the ancesters of the animal, the embryonic sequence seems to be a retelling of the entire story of evolution, viz. the fetus "relives" all of the evolutionary stages: invertebrate, fish, amphibian, reptile, mammal, primate, ape, and finally human.

Question 32

myeloid stem cells

Answer 32

remain in bone marrow

Question 33

lymphoid stem cells

Answer 33

migrate to lymphoid organs