MCN lecture: Antepartum (fetus) Flashcards
Enumerate the four stages of fetal growth and give their time period.
Ovum - ovulation to fertilization
Zygote - fertilization to implantation
Embryo - implantation to 5-8 weeks
Fetus - 5-8 weeks until term
Term used to refer to developing fetus + placental structures throughout pregnancy
Conceptus
Where is hCG produced?
Chorionic villi
Function of hCG
Maintains corpus luteum
Hormone of pregnancy
Progesterone
At how many days after fertilization does hCG:
a. begin to increase?
b. peak?
c. decrease?
a. 30 days
b. 60 days
c. 90 days
a. What two factors trigger morning sickness (nausea and vomiting) in pregnant women?
b. At what trimester is morning sickness common?
a. High hCG levels + hypoglycemia
b. 1st trimester
Condition wherein there is constant high hCG levels throughout the pregnancy
Hyperemesis gravidarum
Placenta
a. How many cotyledons?
b. Diameter?
c. Weight?
a. 15-20
b. 15-20 cm
c. 400-600 g
Give the system functions that work through the following processes:
a. Osmosis
b. Active transport
c. Diffusion
a. Cardiovascular system
b. Gastrointestinal system
c. Respiratory and renal system
a. How is iron transported from mother to fetus?
b. Why is iron important for the fetus?
a. Active transport
b. There will not be enough sources of iron in milk or other food when the baby is born
High human placental lactogen (hPL) causes what two conditions?
Insulin resistance, gestational diabetes
When should screening for gestational DM be done?
First trimester
True or false: Oral hypoglycemics may be used for pregnant women.
False: oral hypoglycemics are teratogens (contraindicated for pregonate women)
a. Normal length of umbilical cord
b. Normal diameter of umbilical cord
c. Normal blood vessels of umbilical cord
a. 30-80 cm
b. 2 cm
c. 2 arteries, 1 vein
Deoxygenated blood flows through what umbilical blood vessel?
Umbilical arteries
Where in the placenta does the umbilical cord normally connect to?
Center of the placenta
Connective tissue in the umbilical cord that prevents its compression, knotting, or twisting
Wharton’s jelly
Effect of late clamping and cutting
Jaundice after 2-3 days
Ideal positioning for mother when cord prolapses (3)
Trendelenburg
Exaggerated Sims position
Knee-chest position
(Any position that relieves the pressure on the vaginal opening)
Normal volume of amniotic fluid in:
a. first trimester?
b. second trimester?
c. third trimester?
a. 50 mL (at 12 weeks)
b. 400 mL (at 20 weeks)
c. 1000-1500 mL (at 36-38 weeks)
Three functions of amniotic fluid
Protection, thermoregulation, musculoskeletal development (allowing the baby to move promotes MS development)
Amniotic fluid index (AFI), how many cm?
8-24 cm
Condition wherein amniotic fluid level is low
Oligohydramnios
Condition wherein amniotic fluid level is increased
Polyhydramnios
Give the significance of these abnormal colors of the amniotic fluid:
a. Green
b. Yellow
c. Red
d. Brown
a. Meconium-stained
b. Blood incompatibility (Rh); increased bilirubin
c. Active fetal bleeding due to injury
d. Fetal death in utero
Risk of infection increases if mother does not give birth how many hours after rupture of amniotic fluid?
6-8 hours
