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MCN 2F Flashcards

1
Q

Series of events by which uterine contractions and abdominal pressure expel a fetus and placenta

A

Labor

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2
Q

First Stage of Labor

A

Dilatation

Cervix dilates fully to a diameter of 10cm (2 inches)

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3
Q

Before 37-42 weeks

A

Preterm

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4
Q

Beyond 42 weeks

A

Post term

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5
Q

Exact mechanism that triggers onset of labor

A

Unknown

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6
Q

Combination of Occurrences as Responsible of Labor

A

Uterine Stretching

Changes in Estrogen and Progesterone balance

Cervical Pressure

Prostaglandins production by the fetus

Aging of the placenta

Increased Fetal Cortisol Level

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7
Q

Components of Labor

A

Passage

Passenger

Power

Psyche

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8
Q

Passage

A

Refers to maternal pelvis

Route that the fetus must travel from uterus through the cervix and vagina to the external perineum

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9
Q

Bony ring formed by four united bones:

2 innominate bones
Coccyx
Sacrum

Support and protect pelvic organs

A

Pelvis

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10
Q

Provide stability to the pelvis

Symphysis Pubis

Right Sacroiliac Joint

Left Sacroiliac Joint

Sacrococcygeal Joint

A

Four Pelvic Joints

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11
Q

Innominate bones: ilium (upper and lateral), ischium (inferior) and pubis

Hip - crest of ilium

Ischial tuberosities - markers used to determine lower pelvic width

Symphysis pubis

Sacrum - upper posterior

Coccyx - below sacrum

A

Parts and Functions of the Pelvis

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12
Q

Located in the superior half of the pelvis

Upper portion of the pelvic inlet

A

False Pelvis

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13
Q

Located in the inferior half of the pelvis

Includes pelvic inlet, pelvic outlet, and pelvic cavity

A

True Pelvis

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14
Q

Entrance to the true pelvis

also termed as Pelvic brim

A

Pelvic Inlet

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15
Q

Inferior portion of the true pelvis

A

Pelvic outlet

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16
Q

Space between the inlet and the outlet

A

Pelvic Cavity

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17
Q

Imaginary line that separates the true pelvis and the false pelvis

A

Linea Terminalis

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18
Q

Ideal type for childbirth

Most common type of pelvis for women

Easy passage of the fetal skull and shoulders

Female pelvis

Has inlet that is well-rounded forward and backward

Has a wide pubic arch

“Child bearing hips “

Coca-cola body

A

Gynecoid-shaped Pelvis

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19
Q

Pubic arch forms an acute angle; pelvis extremely narrow

Fetus may have difficulty exiting

could lead to Cesarean/Forceps/Vacuum

Male pelvis

A

Android-shaped Pelvis

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20
Q

Transverse diameter is narrow

Anteroposterior diameter of the inlet is larger than usual

Oval with longer anteroposterior diameter

Shaped as a monkey

A

Anthropoid-shaped Pelvis

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21
Q

Has a smoothly curved oval inlet, but the anteroposterior diameter is shallow.

Pelvis is super wide and super big that it causes difficulty delivering the baby because of flattened oval shape

obese have flattened pelvis

A

Platypelloid-shaped Pelvis

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22
Q

Pelvic Inlet: 11cm

A

Anteroposterior Diameter

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23
Q

Pelvic Inlet: 13cm

A

Transverse Diameter

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24
Q

Pelvic Inlet: 12cm

A

Oblique Diameter

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25
Q

Pelvic Inlet: 11cm

A

True Conjugate

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26
Q

Pelvic Inlet: 10.5-11cm

A

Diagonal Conjugate

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27
Q

Pelvic Inlet: 10cm

A

Obstetric Conjugate

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28
Q

Pelvic Outlet: 11.7cm from sacrum/symphysis pubis to coccyx

A

Anteroposterior Diameter

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29
Q

Pelvic Outlet: 10cm-13.5cm from left ischial tuberosity to the right side of ischial tuberosity

A

Transverse/Intertuberous Diameter

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30
Q

Pelvic Outlet: 9cm from this part to the sacral iliac joint

A

Posterior Sagittal Diameter

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31
Q

Lower segment of the uterus expands to accommodate the intrauterine contents

Cervix is drawn up and over the presenting part as it descends

Vaginal Canal distends to accommodate passage of fetus

Play a role in labor and delivery

A

Soft Tissues

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32
Q

Refers to the fetus and its ability to move

A

Passenger

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33
Q

Fetal Features as Passenger

A

Presentation

Attitude

Station

Lie

Position

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34
Q

Very important because this is significant during labor and delivery and is used to check for any disabilities

A

Fetal Skull

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35
Q

Compressible and made mainly of thin pliable tubular flat bones

A

Fetal Skull

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36
Q

8 bones of the Fetal Skull

A

2 fused Frontal Bones

2 Parietal Bones

1 Occipital Bone

Anchored to the rigid and incompressible bones at the base of the skull

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37
Q

T/F: you can determine specific condition by the use of suture lines

A

TRUE

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38
Q

Seams between the bones of the skull

A

Sutures

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39
Q

Coronal

A

Frontal and Parietal

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40
Q

Lambdoid

A

Occipital & Parietal

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41
Q

Sagittal

A

2 Parietal Bones

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42
Q

Squamous

A

Parietal & Temporal

43
Q

Flexible fibrous tissue

A

Fontanelles

44
Q

Diamond Shaped

A

Anterior Fontanelle

45
Q

Located at the juncture of the frontal and parietal bones

A

Anterior Fontanelle

46
Q

Formed by joining 2 Frontal and 2 Parietal

A

Anterior Fontanelle

47
Q

Fontanelle that closes about 12 to 18 months

A

Anterior Fontanelle

48
Q

Triangular Shaped

A

Posterior Fontanelle

49
Q

Formed by the junction of 3 lines

A

Posterior Fontanelle

50
Q

Located at the juncture of occipital and parietal bones

A

Posterior Fontanelle

51
Q

Fontanelle that closes at 8 to 13 weeks

A

Posterior Fontanelle

52
Q

Is membranous but becomes bony at term, denotes the position of the head in relation to maternal pelvis

A

Posterior Fontanelle

53
Q

9cm-11cm

A

Ischial Tuberosity

54
Q

sphenoid

ethmoid

2 temporal bones

A

other 4 bones of the skull

55
Q

Fetal Skull: 9.25cm

A

Biparietal/Transverse Diameter

56
Q

Fetal Skull: 9.5cm

A

Suboccipitobregmatic

57
Q

Fetal Skull: 13.5cm

A

Occipitomental

58
Q

Fetal Skull: 12cm

A

Occipitofrontal

59
Q

Fetal Skull: 9.5cm

A

Submentobregmatic

60
Q

Fetal Skull: 10.5cm

A

Suboccipito Frontal

61
Q

Fetal Skull: Smallest Diameter

A

Biparietal/Transverse

62
Q

Fetal Skull: smallest AP diameter

A

Suboccipitobregmatic

63
Q

Fetal Skull: widest AP diameter

A

Occipitomental

64
Q

Fetal head flexes so sharply

Chin rest on Chest

Smallest AP and Suboccipitobregmatic is present

A

Full Flexion

65
Q

Occipitofrontal Diameter presents in the birth canal

One who presents during the birth that refers to either the brow

A

Moderate Flexion

66
Q

When the head is hyperextended

Largest Diameter

Occipitomental Diameter presents in the birth canal

A

Poor Flexion

67
Q

Overlapping of skull bones

68
Q

Pertains to the first baby part that will first contact the cervix or to be born first

A

Fetal Presentation

69
Q

Degree of flexion a fetus assumes during labor

A

Fetal Attitude

70
Q

Vertex

spinal column bowed forward

head flexed that the chin touches sternum

arms flexed and folded on the chest

thighs flexed onto abdomen

calves pressed against posterior aspects of thigh

A

Complete Flexion

71
Q

Sinciput

Military Position

Bregma is present

A

Moderate Flexion

72
Q

Less or minimal amount of amniotic fluid (oligohydroamnios or oligohydramnios)

A

Complete/Full Extension

73
Q

Relationship between the long axis of the fetal body and the long axis of the woman’s body

74
Q

Cephalic (below) or Breach (above)

Head is below or head is above

A

Longitudinal Lie

75
Q

Shoulder presentation

Lie is perpendicular to the mother’s axis

A

Transverse Lie

76
Q

Affects the duration and difficulty of labor

Affects the method of delivery

A

Fetal Presentations

77
Q

Cap goes across the suture lines

Boggy edematous swelling of the fetal scalp

Usually disappears without treatment

No pathological significance

Swelling and Edema of the fetal scalp

A

Caput Succedaneum

78
Q

Involves bleeding in the specific portion of the head of the baby which is the subgaleal space

A

Subgaleal Hemorrhage

79
Q

Bleeding in the Periosteum

A

Cephalohematoma

80
Q

Vertex

Brow

Face

Mentum

A

Cephalic Presentation

81
Q

Buttock or feet contacts first the cervix

Presenting part is the sacrum

A

Breach Presentation

82
Q

Complete

Frank

Footling

A

Types of Breach Presentation

83
Q

Flexion, except for legs at knees

A

Frank Breach

84
Q

Flexion, except for one leg extended at hip and knee

A

Single Footling Breach

85
Q

General Flexion

A

Complete Flexion

86
Q

Presenting part is the shoulder, iliac crest, hand and elbow, fetus is lying horizontally

A

Shoulder Presentation/Transverse

87
Q

Poyhydroamnios/Polyhydramnios

A

Causes of Shoulder Presentation

88
Q

Relationship of the presenting part to the specific quadrant or part and side of woman’s pelvis

A

Fetal Position

89
Q

Right Posterior

Left Posterior

Right Anterior

Left Anterior

A

4 Quadrants of Maternal Pelvis

90
Q

settling of the presenting part of a fetus far enough into the pelvis that it rests at the level of the ischial spines, the midpoint of the pelvis

A

Engagement

91
Q

nonengagement of the head at the beginning of labor

92
Q

engagement may or may not be present at the beginning of labor.

93
Q

presenting part that is not engaged

94
Q

one that is descending but has not yet reached the ischial spine

95
Q

relationship of the presenting part of the fetus to the level of the ischial spines.

A

Fetal Station

96
Q

Occiput

97
Q

Chin/Mentum

98
Q

Sacrum

99
Q

Acromion Process

100
Q

Regular contraction

Increase intensity when walking

felt in lower back

bloody show

dilatation and effacement

fetus usually engaged

A

True Labor

101
Q

Irregular contractions

Often stop when walking

Felt in abdomen above umbilicus

no change in cervix

fetus is ballotable

A

False Labor

102
Q

internal cervical mucus plug

103
Q

Mixed with blood from ruptured cervical capillaries

A

Bloody Show

MCN FINALS (4 decks)

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