Mckinleys notes Flashcards
what disciplines did phsychology emerge from?
philosophy and physiology
who developed the concept of the unconsciousness
sigmund freud
what was skinners view of behaviorism?
organism repeatts behaviors the lead to reward and avoid those that lead to punishment
what do humanist believe?
humans behavior consist of several unique qualities that cant be uncovered through the study of animals
what does electrical stimulation do?
evokes emotional responses
what does behaviorism do?
focuses on explaining observable behaviors not mental process
structuralism reduces ___ into its basic elements
consiousness
what psychology focuses on perceptual processes and problem solving abilities
gestalt
____ in an experiment, A condition or event that an experimenter varies in order to see its impact on another variable
independent variable
___ is the variable that is thought to be affected by the manipulation of the independent variable
dependent
__ is a condion that exist whenever two variables are linked together in a way that makes it difficult to sort out their independent affects
cofounding variables
what is the double blind procedure?
reserch that strategy that exist in which neither participants nor experimenter know which subject are in the experimental or control groups
______ in research is when any method used to prevent a subject from knowing what treatment, such as a drug, he/she has received
single blind research
what is naturalistic observation?
researcher engages in careful, usually prolonged, observation of behavior without interfearing directly with the subjects
___ is the extent to which two variables are related to each other
correlation
what is the correlation coefficent
numerical index of the degree of relationship between two variables
what happens when a neuron becomes active?
generates action potential–very brief shift in the neurons electric charge that travels along the axon
what is the resting potential?
voltage of an inactive neuron
what charge do the sodium ions have entering the neuron? and what does this cause?
+, and it causes an increase in voltage associated with the action potential
where does the transmission of neutral pulse from one neuron to another take place?
synapse
what does an excititory neurtransmitter do>/
makes activation more likely in the postsynaptic neuron
as part of the reuptake process neurotransmitters are absorbed by the ___.
presynaptic membrane
what is involved in involunatry movement?
dopamine
what is involved in pain supression
endorphins
___ is the main excititory neurotransmitter
glutamate
___ excited skeletal muscles
acetylcholine
____ is comprised of nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles and glands
autonomic nervous system
___ is comprised of nerves that connect to the skeletal muscles and sensory receptors
somatic nervous system
what are the two parts of the autonomic nervous system
sympathetic, parasympathetic
what does the sympathetic do?
controls what is called fight or flight in life threatening situations
what does parasympatheitc do?
controls rest and digest response which happens when you are safe and digesting a meal
what is the cerebrum?
contains motor sensory and thinking areas
what does the corpus callosum do?
passes signals between the hemispheres
thalamus?
relays sensory input to cortex
what does the amygdala do?
involved in emotional and aggression
what about hippocampus?
learning and memory
what does the hypothalamus do?
regulates needs like thirst and hunger
what is the master gland that regulates other glands
pituitary gland
what is involved in sleep and arousal
pons
what does the cerebellum do
coordinates movement and controls balance
what does the medulla do?
regulates critical involunatry functions
what is the hindbrain?
includes the cerebellum and two structures found in the lower part of the brainstem: medulla, pons
what does the midbrain do?
contains an area that concerened with intergating sensory processes such as vision and hearing. ** important system of dopamine-releasing neurons that projects into various higher brain centers originates in the midbrain
what does the forebrain do?
largest &most complex includes the: thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system. all three are located near the top of the brain stem. above them is the cerebrum the center of complex thought.
what is the wrinkled part of the cerebrum
cerebral cortex, the outer layer of the brain
