chapter 1 Flashcards
what is psychology?
scientific study of BEHAVIOR and the underlying cognitive and psycological studies
what does psychology come from and what is their meaning?
psyche (soul), logos (word)
who is known as the father of psychology?
wilhelm wnhdt, from leipizig, germany
who brought psychology to america and what univeristy was it brought too>?
G. stanley Hall, John Hopkins
what are the two major schools of thought?
structuralism, functionilism
when did psychology get to UNA?
1886
who believes the task of psychology is to analyze conciousness into its basic elements and figure out how it is related; peices of the mind &how people think
structuralism
study of __ behavior, and conciousness
functionalism
survival/reproductive advantages make it
natural selection
where did structuralist gravitate more toward?
the labs and experiments
where did functionalist gravitate toward?
how people adapt to demands of the world around them
what is introspect?
self observation of behavior
what is unconciousness?
contains thoughts, memories, and desires well above the concious that influence behavior
what are the three parts of the conciousness?
- id- part that makes us want to do stuff
- ego-how we flesh out our being
- superego-concious, morality principle
what ares do we not have any middle ground?
anger, sex
what is bahaviorism?
all behaviors result from interaction with our enviroment
what is humanism?
rejection of psychoanalysis & behaviorism
who believed people are good and only bad when circumstances stun our growth
carol rogers & abraham maslow
what are the three components of science?
- must be systematic and empiricism (systematic-plan, empiricism-observation)
- publicly veriable knowledge, published research
- solvable problems
what kind of research is scientific?
- naturalist observation(Cant determine cause & effect)
- correlation studies (formal measurement of at least two variables )
- experiments (manipulate one variable to see what effect it has on another)
what is larrys 2nd law???
correlation doesnt imply causation!!!
experiment that meets all the requirements of an experiment except random assignment
quisi experiment
what is a confound?
extranious variable- things that mess up the experiment other than the independent variable
what is subject expectation?
bias where the subject works harder to try to achieve success
giving the tester the results the want
demand expectations
what is single subject research?
do a experiment test a drug then try again
what are three reasons to do single subject research?
- inaivalibilty of large # of subjects
- less harm to a bunch of people
- lower research cost
non-experiment, researchers write a unusual event and publish it and tell them how they treated it
case study
what are the two types of statistics?
- descriptive
2. inferential stats
what is descriptive stats?
describe data sets, math procedures to describe the data collected
what is inferential stats?
math procedure for purpose of using sample data about a conclusion or a larger population
what are the measures of variation?
range(highest-lowest)
standard deviation
what are the three descriptive statistics?
!. central tendancy
- variation
- measures of relationship
what is stistical signifgance?
likelyhood we found is not due to chance/limit chance factors
how much does the brain weigh?
3 pounds
what does the cerebrospinal fluid surround and what is its function?
(brain)
provides cushion
reservoir of nutrients
provides waste removal
what is the meninges?
very tough layer of that surrounding the brain
what is larrys 3rd law??
everything psychological is simulatiously biological, every word thought everything takes place in brain
what is the function of dendrites?
take info from the cell and pass it to the soma
what is the somas function?
giant calculator, sums up info and decides what to do with it
what is the function of the axon?
takes info away from neuron and to another cell
what is the function of the terminal button
releases nero transmitters
what is DSAT?
how neurons transfer
what speeds up the neural transmitters
node of ranvier
what are the three parts of synapse?
- presynaptic membrane( boundary of terminal button)
- postsynaptic membrane (dendrite boundary)
- synaptic clept (actual boundary)
neurons have a more ___ charge on the inside which results in the resting potential of ___ mvts?
negative, 70
explain the process of reuptake.
when a neuron is inside the receptor is goes back to the synaptic cleft and the terminal button it reabsorbes the transmitter
what are the two major parts of the nervous system?
- central nervous
2. peripheral nervous system
explain the left side of the brain?
speech, DETAILED
explain the right side
emotion, sees whole picture
what tissue seperates the brain into right and left cerebral hemispheres
longitudinal tissue
what does the frontal lobe control?
executive decisions, planning movement
what does the parietal lobe control?
somatic decision (body sensation)
what does the temporal lobe control?
hearing, left side
post=
feel, pre= move
what happens when more than one chromosome mutations happens?
chromosomal aberration
what is concordance
oen twin has a trait while the other does too
when twins and traits differ?
disconcordance
momozygotic=
identical
dizygotic =
nonidentical
determs your personality of feeling of ones skull (frans Gall)
phenology
