Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophysiology > mccarthy- acid/base > Flashcards

mccarthy- acid/base Flashcards

1
Q

what is “contraction alkalosis”?

A

ECF vol decreases –> RAAS –> angiotensin II stimulates Na+/H+ exchange in proximal tubule (excrete more H+) = HCO3 increase reabs into serum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what causes “contraction alkalosis”?

A

taking loops or TZDs

or vomitting or diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

txt for “contration alkalosis”?

A

restore ECF vol. w/ infusion of isotonic NaCl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the aldosterone effect?

A

acts on late distal tubule + collecting ducts

  • activates Na/H/K pumps
  • Na+ reabsorption
  • H+ and K+ excretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are two stimulus for aldosterone production?

A
  • activation of RAAS b/c of decreased kidney perfusion

- hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does prednisone do?

A

same thing that aldosterone does

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what disorder is this?

  • vol. expansion w/ HTN
  • hypokalemia
  • metabolic alkalosis
A

hyperaldosteronism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what disorder is this?

  • vol. depletion w/ orthostatic hypotension
  • hyperkalemia
  • metabolic acidosis
A

hypoaldosteronism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

normal pCO2 value, normal pH value

A

pCO2: 35-45
pH: 7.35-7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is acid-base balance?

A

maintaining normal H+ conc. in body fluid by buffers in ECF and ICF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what two types of respiratory mechanisms regulate acid/base

A 
alveolar hyperventilation (blow off CO2) - pCO2 will be <35 
alveolar hyporventilation (retain CO2) - pCO2 will be >45
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what two renal mechanisms regulate acid/base

A

reabsorb HCO3- and secrete H+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which compensatory mechanism is fast vs slow?

A

fast: respiratory- min-hrs
slow: renal- hrs- days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the pH of alkalotic blood? what does the body try to do?

A

pH>7.45

- body tries to correct by hypoventilation (to increase CO2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the pH of acidotic blood? what does the body try to do?

A

pH <7.35

- body tries to correct by hyperventilation (to decrease CO2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the two forms of acids produced?

A
  • volatile: end product of aerobic metabolism: CO2

- non-volatile/fixed: end product of protein and phospholipid catabolism: sulfuric acid + phosphoric acid

17
Q

what does “non-volatile” mean?

A

not expelled by the lungs - must be buffered in body fluid THEN excreted by kidneys
(take H+from alpha intercalated cells so they can be excreted in urine) “titratable acids”

18
Q

what is the weak acid formed by CO2 metabolism?

A

carbonic acid H2CO3

19
Q

what is the significane of pK

A

it is esentially the pH when the acid/base equation is at equilibrium (50% CO2 and 50% HCO3-)

20
Q

what is the relationships of pH with HCO3 and CO2?

A

pH = HCO3/CO2
direct relation with HCO3
indirect relation with CO2

21
Q

in what order are lab chemistries given?

A

Na/K/Cl/HCO3-

22
Q

what is CO2 CONTENT?

A

HCO3- in serum

23
Q

how to convert pCO2 to dissolved CO2?

A

pCO2 * 0.03 = dissolved CO2

24
Q

how can hyperK cause acidosis? ( weeds)

A

Hyperkalemia inhibits NH3 synthesis and reduces the ability to excrete H+ as NH4+.
“NH3 is like an acid carrier, and if you dont have this carrier then you cant carry it out- so you have acidosis.”

25
Q

how can hypoK cause alkalosis? (weeds)

A

Hypokalemia stimulates NH3 synthesis and increases the ability to excrete H+ as NH4+.

26
Q

what can cause hypoventilation?

A

COPD, benzos/opiods, CHF, pneumonia (does both)

27
Q

what can cause hyperventilation?

A

panic attack, septic, high altitude, PE, pneumonia (does both)

28
Q

normal value Na

A

135-145

29
Q

normal K

A

3.5 -5

30
Q

normal Cl

A

98-106

31
Q

what does Cl- compete with for abs in the kidney?

A

HCO3-

32
Q

what causes high anion gap?

A

DKA, lactic acidosis, chronic renal failure

33
Q

what causes non-anion gap?

A

renal tubular acidosis, diarrhea (poop out HCO3- )

34
Q

what is a high anion gap significance?

A

there is chronic metabolic acidosis and the acid is coming from something else (other than your natural body processes) - TOO MUCH ACID

35
Q

what causes non anion gap

A

hyperChloremia (which competes with HCO3-, keeping anion gap the same)

Pathophysiology (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions