MCBG 12

Question 1

What is warfarin?

Answer 1

Anticoagulant NOT a blood thinner

analogue of vitamin K

Question 2

What interferes with warfarin?

Answer 2

Vitamin K

Question 3

WARFARIN. how this molecule works to slow blood clotting?

Answer 3

Inhibits VII

Factor VII is vitamin K dependent

Question 4

Advanced molecular techniques. Analysis of DNA at the nucleotide level

Answer 4

DNA sequencing

Question 5

Advanced molecular techniques. Analysis of DNA at the gene level

Answer 5

Southern hybridisation (Southern Blot + Radioactive hybrisation)
Microarray
PCR variations

Question 6

Advanced molecular techniques. Analysis of DNA at the chromosome level

Answer 6

Karyotyping

FISH

Question 7

What are restriction enzymes?

Answer 7

Molecular scissors that remove a specific sequence

Question 8

Molecular techniques and diagnosis

Analysis of DNA at the gene level?

Answer 8

Restriction enzymes
DNA gel electrophoresis
PCR

Question 9

Molecular techniques and diagnosis

Analysis of protein

Answer 9

Protein electrophoresis
Immunoassays
Enzyme assays

Question 10

Explain Gel electrophoresis.

Answer 10

A sequence of Genetic material is chopped up using restriction enzymes and place in a wells in the gel (aka filter) with electrodes on either end. Turn on the current and the negatively charged pieces will move to the cathode. Small pieces will move further

Question 11

How does cloning work?

Answer 11

Isolate sequence of GM you want. Insert it into a plasmid using a vector, recombinant DNA will produce proteins and then you isolate the recombinant DNA

Question 12

Why do we clone human genes? 4

Answer 12

1. To make useful proteins (insulin)
2. Find of gene function
3. Genetic screening
4. Gene therapy (CF [MBP2’

Question 13

What is the function of PCR?

Answer 13

Amplification of target DNA

Question 14

How does PCR work? 3

Answer 14

1. Denaturation - the DNA at 95oC to make it single-stranded
2. Primer Annealing - the two primers bind the appropriate complementary strand
3. Primer Extension - DNA polymerase extends the primer by its polymerase activity; Taq polymerase, the DNA polymerase, performed at 72oC

Question 15

How does protein electrophoreisis differ from DNA.

Answer 15

Proteins instead of DNA

Both still Neg charged

Question 16

Whats isoelectric focusing?

Answer 16

Proteins are seperated due to due to charge. They migrate through a pH column until they reach net neutral charge

Question 17

Whats pI?

Answer 17

isoelectric point,” this is the pH at which a molecule has a net neutral charge

Question 18

Northern blot?

Answer 18

Gel electrophoresis for RNA

Question 19

Southern Blot?

Answer 19

Gel electrophoresis for DNA

Question 20

Western blot

Answer 20

Gel electrophoresis for Proteins

Question 21

Whats an Enzyme assay?

Answer 21

An experiment that works out ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY

Question 22

How might antibodies be used?

Answer 22

Post western blot - used to identify specific proteins

Question 23

Whats SDS gel?

Answer 23

Sodium dodecyl sulphate denatures proteins. Agrose and Polyacrylamide are the types of gel

Question 24

Why is it important to measure enzymes?

Answer 24

Markers for disease

Question 25

What gel do you use for proteins 5-500 bp

Answer 25

Polyacrylamide

Question 26

What gel do you use for large DNA (50-20,000)

Answer 26

Agrose