MCAT questions from practice test

Question 1

Describe if the conversion of GTP to GDP is an activation or inactivation?

Answer 1

the conversion from GTP to GDT is an inactivation reaction

Question 2

what are the four main biological molecules?

Answer 2

1. nucleotides
2. AA
3. Lipids
4. Carbs

Question 3

Transferase:

Answer 3

enzymes that can enact the transfer of a specific functional group from one molecule to the next donor to acceptor

Question 4

Kinase

Answer 4

enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to a molecule

Question 5

phosphatase

Answer 5

an enzyme that removes a phosephate group from molecule or protein

Question 6

Isomerase

Answer 6

class of enzyme that convert molecules from one isomer to another

Question 7

what is retorograde transport?

NOT IN STUDY GUIDE

Answer 7

this occurs in the axon is a transport of materials from the axon to the cell body

Question 8

describe the importance of protein translation in the endoplasmic reticulum and the golgie?

Answer 8

Protein translation occurs in the endoplasmic recticulum then flows to the golgie for post translational modifcations

Question 9

what would happen mouse antibodies were injected into a human?

Answer 9

the human immune system would recognize the mouse antibodies as foreign and generate an immune response reducing effectiveness for treatment if used in that setting

Question 10

if a cell undergoes a mutation but it can still preform its original function why might that be?

Answer 10

it is possible that the mutation is a silent mutation due to the repeating nature of the codons and the wobble position theory not effect the protein in any way

Question 11

what proves correlation for an ailment or disease?

Answer 11

if you add or introduce the protein and the symptoms for the pt increase such as injecting factor VIII for hemophilia

Question 12

the removal of introns and exons is taking taking what and Turing it into?

Answer 12

producing mRNA from DNA

Question 13

do prokaryotes require DNA modifications?

Answer 13

Prokaryotes do not require modifications if introns and exons because they only have exons

Question 14

what modifications are require for Euk DNA

Answer 14

Euk DNA has introns that need to be sliced out they have histonse that can effect the DNA.

Question 15

When will Le Chatliers principle favor the creation of products?

Answer 15

when the concentration of products is kept low

Question 16

what is cytochrome C?

Answer 16

this is an essential component in ETC where one electron is carried and capable of under going oxidation and reduction but does not bind to oxygen

Question 17

Ferrous form

Answer 17

is the reduced state of iron Fe 2+

Question 18

Ferric form

Answer 18

is the oxidized state of Iron 3+

Question 19

when looking at a DNA strip how will you know it a seq is a primer?

Answer 19

Primers have high GC contents and will have CG base pairs at the 5’ and 3’ end

Question 20

what is Non-dysjunctional?

Answer 20

this is a failure for one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes to to separate resulting in abnormal distribution of chromosomes in the gametes only occuring in Meosis in anaphase 1

Question 21

an incorrect AA can do what to protein folding?

Answer 21

they can increase protein misfolding

Question 22

what happens when insulin is released?

Answer 22

Insulin stimulates cellular uptake from glucose that would result in lower blood sugar

Question 23

what is Proinsulin?

Answer 23

proinsulin is a response to glucose and promotes the response to create active insulin from proinsulin

Question 24

What is important about the average metabolic rate?

Answer 24

it will enable one to determine how long the stored energy reserve will last
> lower MB rates and longer energy reserves suited for long lasting energy and long term nutrient deprivation

Question 25

do humans have low or high metabolic rate?

Answer 25

humans have high metabolic rate which is why then need to eat

Question 26

what happens in anaerobic respiration?

Answer 26

when the oxygen levels are too low, this will create small amounts of ATP through alcoholic fermentation converting glucose into ATP and ethanol and Lactic acid fermentation

Question 27

what happens in aerobic respiration?

Answer 27

this is when plenty of oxygen is present in the environment the ETC will produce around 26 ATP

Question 28

where is GAPDH located?

Answer 28

GAPDH is a gene that can be turned on and accessible to transcription factors in only Eur chromatin is loose enough

Question 29

Actin in a microfilament what is it roles?

Answer 29

cytoskeleton of eukaryotes are made of filamentous proteins and provides mechanical support to cell actin are the smallest protein that make up the cytoskeleton

Question 30

what are the three components of the eukaryotes cytoskeleton?

Answer 30

1. Microtubules
2. Actin filaments
3. intermediate filaments

Question 31

when a parasite infect the RBC what will happen?

Answer 31

the RBC will be stuck to the blood vessel and cause a blockage

Question 32

what happens to people with color blindness?

Answer 32

the visual pigments absorb light and fewer signals of weaker pigments and fewer signals will be going to the brain

Question 33

describe the difference between an antagonist and agonist when it comes to enzymes?

Answer 33

an Antagonist is going to act the opposite of the enzyme and inhibit it. An agonist is going to activate the enzyme or help it.

Question 34

if you wanted to know the number of stereoisomers in a compound how would you do that?

Answer 34

2^n rule

Question 35

what happens when you exceed the solubility rule?

Answer 35

you can no longer dissolve any product and solute piles form.

Question 36

describe why electrical field lines in an axon would travel from the extracellular space to the internal axonal space?

Answer 36

field lines are going to exit positive and enter negative. if the intracellular is negative and extracellular is neutral.

Question 37

what is the function of the myelin sheaths?

Answer 37

it functions in insulating the axon from its surrounding and from the extracellular fluid.

Question 38

how do you find the Ph of a system with a given concentration?

Answer 38

-log (Concentration) for the ph. if your given the ph and want the concentration 10^-pH