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MCAT > Behavioral Science > Flashcards

Behavioral Science Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Sensory neurons

A

that are carry sensory information back to the brain

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2
Q

Afferent neurons:

A

Carry information back to the brain (in the case of sensory neurons)

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3
Q

Motor neurons:

A

they carry information from the brain to the muscles

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4
Q

Efferent Neurons:

A

Carry information away from the brain (in the case of motor neurons)

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5
Q

Internerons:

A

are an intermediate and are found most commonly found they can also link what is called a reflex arch

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6
Q

What are the three main regions of the brain?

A
  1. Hindbrain
    1. Midbrain
    2. Forebrain
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7
Q

Describe how evolution has changed and influenced the brain?

A

basic survival needs of the brain are located at the base of the skull this means that the development of higher order structures occurred and are located higher up the base of the skull or bottom of the brain is the brain stem that does are the basic functional requirements. so the forebrain the last to develop is the most complex and incluse the limbic system and emotion and memory

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8
Q

What is the hypothalamus?

A

provides homeostatic function to the body and plays a important role in emotional experiences.
> helps control endocrine function
> regulate metabolism, temp and water balance

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9
Q

Give an example of the hypothalamus at work in the body?

A

osmoregulators in the HT detect dehydrations so they will trigger antiduretic hormones to increaser water reabsorption and maintain fluid balance

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10
Q

What is the function of the Thalamus?

A

acts a relay station for incoming sensory information and then directs where that information will go.

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11
Q

What is the function of the basal ganglia?

A

coordinates muscle movement from the cortex and carries that information to the brain and spinal chord. like the extrapyramidal system that gathers information about the bodies portion and carries that to the CNS

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12
Q

What is a common disease that effects the basal ganglia?

A

Parkinsons is due to the destruction of some parts of the basal ganglia
> Schizophrenia

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13
Q

For the following behaviors associate the brain area with it, general emotion and memory, pleasure, agression and rage, learning and memory?

A
  1. general emotion and memory = limbic system
  2. Pleasure: septal nuclei
  3. agression and rage: amygadal
  4. learning and memory = hippocampus
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14
Q

If someone is having trouble with impulse control and decision making what area of the brain do you think is effected?

A

Anterior cingulate cortex

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15
Q

What is social Facilitation?

A

Describes the tendency of people to perform at a different level when others are around

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16
Q

what is deindividualtion?

A

loss of self awhereness in a large group

17
Q

what is Bystander effect?

A

when in a group, individuals are less likely to respond to a person in need

18
Q

What is peer pressure?

A

the social influence placed on individuals by other they consider equals

19
Q

What is social loafing?

A

an individual does not pull his or her weight in a group setting

20
Q

what is polarization?

A

the tendency towards making decisions in a group that are more extreme

21
Q

what is groupthinking?

A

the tendency for groups to make decisions based on the ideas and solutions that arise within the group without considering outside ideas

22
Q

what is culture?

A

the beliefs, ideas, behaviors, actions and characteristics of a group or society

23
Q

what is assimilation?

A

the process by which an immigrant or minority takes up elements of mainstream culture
> type of socialization

24
Q

What is Multiculturalism?

A

the encouragement of multiple cultures within a community to enhance diversity

25
Q

what are subcultures?

A

a group of people within a culture that distinguishes themselves from the primary culture

26
Q

What is an attitude?

A

the tendency towards expression of positive or negative feelings or evaluate of something.

27
Q

What are the three components of attitude?

A
  1. Affective
  2. Behavioral
  3. Cognitive
28
Q

what are functional attitudes theory?

A

states that these are 4 functional areas of attitudes

  1. knowledge
  2. Ego expression
  3. Adaptability
  4. Ego defense
29
Q

what is learning theory?

A

states that attitudes are developed through forms of learning, direct contact, direct interaction, direct constructing, and conditioning

30
Q

what is elaboration likelihood model?

A

attitudes are formed and changed through different routes of information processing based on degree of elaboration, central and peripheral processing

31
Q

what is social cognitive theory?

A

states that attitude are formed through watching others, personal factors and the environment

MCAT (5 decks)

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