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MCAT QUICKSHEET > MCAT GENERAL CHEMISTRY > Flashcards

MCAT GENERAL CHEMISTRY Flashcards

1
Q

energy of a photon

A

E = hf = hc/wavelength

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2
Q

BeCl2 shape, angle

A

linear, 180

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3
Q

BH3 shape, angle

A

trigonal planar, 120

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4
Q

CH4 shape, angle

A

tethrahedral, 109.5

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5
Q

PCl5 shape

A

trigonal bipyramidal

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6
Q

SF6 shape

A

octahedral

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7
Q

isothermal

A

temp of sys remains constant

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8
Q

adiabatic

A

no heat exchange

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9
Q

isochoric

A

aka isovolumetric; vol remains constant

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10
Q

endothermic

A

rxns absorb thermal energy

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11
Q

exothermic

A

rnx that release thermal energy

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12
Q

boyle’s law

A

P1V1 = P2V2

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13
Q

charle’s law

A

(V1/T1) = (V2/T2)

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14
Q

gay-lussac’s law

A

(P1/T1) = (P2/T2)

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15
Q

combined gas law

A

(P1V1/T1) = (P2V2/T2)

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16
Q

ideal gas law

A

PV=nRT

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17
Q

decr vol of a sample of gas

A

behave less ideally; engage in intermolecular interactions

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18
Q

press of gas incr

A

pushed closer together and vol decr

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19
Q

temp of gas decr

A

velocity decr, smaller vol, extremely low temps cause gas has larger volume

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20
Q

+ H and + S

A

spon at HIGH temps

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21
Q
  • H and - S
A

spon at LOW temps

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22
Q
  • H and + S
A

spon at ALL temps

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23
Q

standard reduction potentials

A

emf= Ered,cat - Ered,anode

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24
Q

reducing agent

A

is oxidized; Na+, Mg+, Al+, Zn+, NaH, CaH2, LiAlH4, NaBH4

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25
oxidizing agent
is reduced
26
nucleophiles
nucleus loving; lone pairs/pi bonds, neg charge
27
electrophile
electron loving; pos charge, oxygen w greater electroneg, electron affinity, and ionization energy (lt to rt of periodic table)
28
single bond type and hybridization
sigma bond type and sp3 (109)
29
double bond type and hybridization
1 sigma and 1 pi bond type; sp2 (120)
30
triple bond type and hybridizatoin
1 sigma and 2 pi bond type; sp (180)
31
primary alcohols to
aldehyde (carboxylic acids)
32
secondary alcohols to
ketones
33
phosphate
neg charge and hydrophilic ion
34
electrophoresis
separate biological macros on size and/or charge
35
2800-3000
C-H
36
2900-3100 (C-H) or 1475-1625 (C-C)
aromatic
37
3100-3500
O-H broad
38
1700-1750 or 2700-2900
aldehyde
39
1700-1750
ketones/carboxylic acids
40
3100-3500
amines sharp
41
ROYGBIV
red has longest wavelength while violet has shortest
42
work =
W=Fd (force*distance) | SI unit is J (J=N*m)
43
Power =
IV (V*A) or W/T | SI unit is watt (J/S)
44
kinetic energy
moving objs; K=1/2mv^2
45
conduction
direct transfer of energy via collisions
46
convection
transfer of heat via physical motion of a fluid
47
radiation
transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
48
specific heat
Q=mcdeltaT (looks like MCAT) | cannot change phase
49
Q>0
heat is gained
50
Q<0
heat is lost
51
current
I; SI unit is A (C/s)
52
resistance
R; SI unit is Ohm
53
ohm's law
V=IR
54
incr current =
incr rate of reduction and rate of oxidation
55
bronsted-lowry base
accepts protons
56
bronsted-lowry acid
donates protons
57
lewis acid
electron pair acceptor
58
lewis base
electron pair donor
59
wave formula
v =f(wavelength)
60
Frequency: f =
1/T | SI unit is Hz
61
Intensity (I) =
P/A | SI units W/m^2
62
refraction =
n = c/v | c is speed of light
63
diffraction
dark fringes
64
concave
behind the mirror, enlarged and virtual
65
convex
virtual upright image
66
observer and detector moving closer
neg sign in denom
67
observer and detector moving apart
pos sign in denom
68
diverging lens
virtual and reduced
69
probability: mutually exclusive
2 events that cannot occur together
70
mean
impacted heavily by outliers
71
median
not affected by outliers
72
all molecules exhibit _ forces
london dispersion
73
NH3 exhibit london dispersion and _
dipole-dipole (polar molecules)
74
longest wavelength corresponds to
smallest photon energy
75
amine
nitrogen atom bonded to noncarbonyl carbon atoms (R3N)
76
amide
C=O bonded to nitrogen
77
imine
C=N
78
side chains of valine and phenylalanine are
hydrophobic
79
charge (C)
current*time | A*sec
80
coordinate covalent bond
Lewis acid–base interaction between a metal cation and an electron pair donor is known as
81
lenses have a negative focal length which means they are _ lenses.
diverging
82
Protein secondary structure is characterized by the pattern of hydrogen bonds between
backbone amide protons and carbonyl oxygens.

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