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MCAT QUICKSHEET > MCAT GENERAL CHEMISTRY > Flashcards

MCAT GENERAL CHEMISTRY Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

energy of a photon

A

E = hf = hc/wavelength

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2
Q

BeCl2 shape, angle

A

linear, 180

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3
Q

BH3 shape, angle

A

trigonal planar, 120

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4
Q

CH4 shape, angle

A

tethrahedral, 109.5

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5
Q

PCl5 shape

A

trigonal bipyramidal

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6
Q

SF6 shape

A

octahedral

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7
Q

isothermal

A

temp of sys remains constant

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8
Q

adiabatic

A

no heat exchange

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9
Q

isochoric

A

aka isovolumetric; vol remains constant

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10
Q

endothermic

A

rxns absorb thermal energy

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11
Q

exothermic

A

rnx that release thermal energy

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12
Q

boyle’s law

A

P1V1 = P2V2

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13
Q

charle’s law

A

(V1/T1) = (V2/T2)

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14
Q

gay-lussac’s law

A

(P1/T1) = (P2/T2)

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15
Q

combined gas law

A

(P1V1/T1) = (P2V2/T2)

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16
Q

ideal gas law

A

PV=nRT

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17
Q

decr vol of a sample of gas

A

behave less ideally; engage in intermolecular interactions

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18
Q

press of gas incr

A

pushed closer together and vol decr

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19
Q

temp of gas decr

A

velocity decr, smaller vol, extremely low temps cause gas has larger volume

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20
Q

+ H and + S

A

spon at HIGH temps

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21
Q
  • H and - S
A

spon at LOW temps

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22
Q
  • H and + S
A

spon at ALL temps

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23
Q

standard reduction potentials

A

emf= Ered,cat - Ered,anode

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24
Q

reducing agent

A

is oxidized; Na+, Mg+, Al+, Zn+, NaH, CaH2, LiAlH4, NaBH4

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25
Q

oxidizing agent

A

is reduced

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26
Q

nucleophiles

A

nucleus loving; lone pairs/pi bonds, neg charge

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27
Q

electrophile

A

electron loving; pos charge, oxygen w greater electroneg, electron affinity, and ionization energy (lt to rt of periodic table)

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28
Q

single bond type and hybridization

A

sigma bond type and sp3 (109)

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29
Q

double bond type and hybridization

A

1 sigma and 1 pi bond type; sp2 (120)

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30
Q

triple bond type and hybridizatoin

A

1 sigma and 2 pi bond type; sp (180)

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31
Q

primary alcohols to

A

aldehyde (carboxylic acids)

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32
Q

secondary alcohols to

A

ketones

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33
Q

phosphate

A

neg charge and hydrophilic ion

34
Q

electrophoresis

A

separate biological macros on size and/or charge

35
Q

2800-3000

A

C-H

36
Q

2900-3100 (C-H) or 1475-1625 (C-C)

A

aromatic

37
Q

3100-3500

A

O-H broad

38
Q

1700-1750 or 2700-2900

A

aldehyde

39
Q

1700-1750

A

ketones/carboxylic acids

40
Q

3100-3500

A

amines sharp

41
Q

ROYGBIV

A

red has longest wavelength while violet has shortest

42
Q

work =

A

W=Fd (force*distance)

SI unit is J (J=N*m)

43
Q

Power =

A

IV (V*A) or W/T

SI unit is watt (J/S)

44
Q

kinetic energy

A

moving objs; K=1/2mv^2

45
Q

conduction

A

direct transfer of energy via collisions

46
Q

convection

A

transfer of heat via physical motion of a fluid

47
Q

radiation

A

transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves

48
Q

specific heat

A

Q=mcdeltaT (looks like MCAT)

cannot change phase

49
Q

Q>0

A

heat is gained

50
Q

Q<0

A

heat is lost

51
Q

current

A

I; SI unit is A (C/s)

52
Q

resistance

A

R; SI unit is Ohm

53
Q

ohm’s law

A

V=IR

54
Q

incr current =

A

incr rate of reduction and rate of oxidation

55
Q

bronsted-lowry base

A

accepts protons

56
Q

bronsted-lowry acid

A

donates protons

57
Q

lewis acid

A

electron pair acceptor

58
Q

lewis base

A

electron pair donor

59
Q

wave formula

A

v =f(wavelength)

60
Q

Frequency: f =

A

1/T

SI unit is Hz

61
Q

Intensity (I) =

A

P/A

SI units W/m^2

62
Q

refraction =

A

n = c/v

c is speed of light

63
Q

diffraction

A

dark fringes

64
Q

concave

A

behind the mirror, enlarged and virtual

65
Q

convex

A

virtual upright image

66
Q

observer and detector moving closer

A

neg sign in denom

67
Q

observer and detector moving apart

A

pos sign in denom

68
Q

diverging lens

A

virtual and reduced

69
Q

probability: mutually exclusive

A

2 events that cannot occur together

70
Q

mean

A

impacted heavily by outliers

71
Q

median

A

not affected by outliers

72
Q

all molecules exhibit _ forces

A

london dispersion

73
Q

NH3 exhibit london dispersion and _

A

dipole-dipole (polar molecules)

74
Q

longest wavelength corresponds to

A

smallest photon energy

75
Q

amine

A

nitrogen atom bonded to noncarbonyl carbon atoms (R3N)

76
Q

amide

A

C=O bonded to nitrogen

77
Q

imine

A

C=N

78
Q

side chains of valine and phenylalanine are

A

hydrophobic

79
Q

charge (C)

A

current*time

A*sec

80
Q

coordinate covalent bond

A

Lewis acid–base interaction between a metal cation and an electron pair donor is known as

81
Q

lenses have a negative focal length which means they are _ lenses.

A

diverging

82
Q

Protein secondary structure is characterized by the pattern of hydrogen bonds between

A

backbone amide protons and carbonyl oxygens.

MCAT QUICKSHEET (4 decks)

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