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motor control exam 2 > MC Exam 2: Human Information Processing > Flashcards

MC Exam 2: Human Information Processing Flashcards

1
Q

What is the information processing model?

A

input of information from environment (through sensory organs)—–processed in the humans—-out put in motor response

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2
Q

What is parallel processing?

A

brain multi-tasking

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3
Q

What is serial processing?

A

Event A must start/finish for event B to take place

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4
Q

How do we study the processing piece?

A

hard to quantify, one way is to measure reaction time, studying interval between presentation of stimuli and the beginning of response

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5
Q

What is Donder’s Subtractive Method?

A

a way to study various stages of processing

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6
Q

What is Donder’s description A?

A

simple RT, 1 stimulus of choice, 1 number of response choice

SOP: stimulus detection and response execution

EX: running or swimming

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7
Q

What is hypothetical reaction time for description A?

A

about 200 ms

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8
Q

What is Donder’s description B?

A

choice RT, 2 stimulus of choice, 2 number of response choices

SOP: stim detection, stim ID, response selection, response execution

can be any number of stimulus and response choices

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9
Q

What is hypothetical reaction time of description B?

A

285 ms

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10
Q

What is Donder’s Description C?

A

go/no RT, 2 stimulus of choice, 1 number of response choices

SOP: stim detection, stim ID, response execution

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11
Q

What is hypothetical reaction time of description C?

A

230 ms

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12
Q

How would you measure stim ID stage?

A

C- A (230-200= 30 ms)

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13
Q

How would you measure response selection?

A

B- C (285-230 = 55 ms)

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14
Q

What are 3 stages of information processing ?

A
  1. Stim ID stage
  2. Response selection stage
  3. response programming stage
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15
Q

What is the STIM ID stage?

A

presentation of environmental stimulus

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16
Q

What are three major components of STIM Id stage?

A
  1. involves contact memory- association to prior info
  2. stimulus
  3. pattern recognition
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17
Q

What is stimulus component made up of?

A
  1. clarity- ex: sharpness
  2. intensity - loudness/brightness
  3. modality- sensory modality, some senses faster than other, more senses= faster
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18
Q

What is slowest of the senses?

A

vision

19
Q

What is pattern recognition?

A

this is something that can be trained

random vs specific context (chess)

static vs dynamic (chess vs sport)

20
Q

What is the response selection stage?

A

person has info from environment and has perception as to what happened now has to select a response

21
Q

What is Hick’s Law?

A

RT increases as # of S-R alternatives increases

Rt increases by constant amount when you double S-R choices

22
Q

What is a “bit”

A

binary unit, amount of info needed to reduce the original uncertainty in half

23
Q

What is the PT implication of Hick’s Law?

A

when pt is rehabbing you may need to reduce number of stimuli at beginning

24
Q

What is stimulus response compatibility?

A

the degree of naturalness between a stimulus and a response

ex: target on right with right hand = S-R compatible

25
Q

What does response selection and intention of action have to do with each other?

A

the final posture is a major determination of what response is chosen, especially if final posture requires precision control

EX: the body will do an initial awkward movement if it results in smoother end position, picking up a glass

26
Q

What is the response programming stage?

A

after selecting response must be turned into muscular action

27
Q

Why do more complex reactions require increased response time?

A
  1. number of moving parts
  2. accuracy of movement
  3. movement duration
28
Q

What was Henry Rogers experiment implications?

A

that a well learned action is stored as “motor program”- rich store of unconscious motor memory

29
Q

What is connection between anticipation and response time?

A

anticipation leads to reduced response time

  1. receptor anticipation
  2. effector anticipation
  3. perceptual anticipation
30
Q

What is receptor anticipation?

A

the performer detects the upcoming event with sensory receptors

eX: see, hear, feel

31
Q

What is effector anticipation?

A

the performer must anticipate how long his own movement will take

EX: swinging a bat, elevator door closing

32
Q

What is perceptual anticipation?

A

information that is based on frequency experience

33
Q

What happens when you have advanced information available ?

A

you will bypass response selection and go right from STIM ID to response programming

34
Q

What is spatial (event) anticipation?

A

Response time decreases when you have info about upcoming event, decreases amount of response selection time

ex: soccer PK goalie

35
Q

What is temporal anticipation?

A

giving a constant fore period can reduce RT

shorter fore-periods reduce Rt more effectively

EX: the gun at start of the race is always staggered to increase RT

36
Q

What are indications for anticipation?

A
  1. limit ability to use anticipation (sprint Gun)
  2. rely heavily on it (dance routine)
  3. anticipate to quickly may lead to error, anticipating wrong signal (Posner et al. / Schmidt and Gordon)
37
Q

What is signal detection theory?

A

decisions are based on what we perceive and not what is actually happening

they are subject to variability and error

EX: specificity and sensitivity

38
Q

What is memory?

A

persistence of information stored for future processing

39
Q

What are two types of memory?

A

explicit- direct, recall memory, conscious

procedural- indirect, motor skills, unconscious

40
Q

What is short term memory?

A

storage system for the informnation from STSS or LTM (1 -60 sec)

7 items total unless chunking

41
Q

What is short term sensory store (STSS)?

A

vision, touch, audition, kinesthesis

has large capacity to receive info, but loses it quickly less than 1 second

42
Q

What is long term memory?

A

practice and rehearsal turns STM into LTM

more permanent very large capacity

LTM helps response selection

43
Q

What is working memory?

A

is related to response selection stage

motor control exam 2 (5 decks)

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