Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MBS 217 > MBS 217 Lecture 4 and 5 > Flashcards

MBS 217 Lecture 4 and 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the digestive system anatomy consists of:

A

Digestive tract
Accessory organs
Regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Accessory organs are also known as

A

Primarily glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Functions of the digestive system

A

Ingestion: Introduction of food into stomach
Mastication: Chewing
Propulsion: Deglutition: Swallowing
: Peristalsis: Moves material through digestive tract

Mixing: Segmental contraction that occurs in small intestine
Secretion: Lubricate, liquefy, digest
Digestion: Mechanical and chemical
Absorption: Movement from tract into circulation or lymph
Elimination: Waste products removed from body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Structure of the lingual fenulum

A

The base of the frenulum contains a v shaped hump of tissue in the floor of the mouth, which houses a series of saliva gland ducts.
The two largest ducts are in the center just in front of the attachment of the lingual frenulum and are calledWharton’s ducts. They empty the submandibular submaxillary and sublingual glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Functions of the salivary glands

A
  • Prevents bacterial infection
    – Lubrication
    – Contains salivary amylase
  • Breaks down starch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name the salivary glands

A

Parotid: Largest
– Submandibular
– Sublingual: Smallest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Structure of parotid glands

A

Parotid glands have mainly serous acini; producing large
amounts of salivary amylase; secretions drained by the
Stensen duct emptying at the vestibule at level of upper
molar.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

sf

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Structure of sublingual glands

A

Sublingual glands have mainly mucous acini; act as buffer
and lubricant; sublingual ducts (Rivinus ducts) open either
side of the lingual frenelum.
The sublingual gland is inferior to the mucosa of the floor
of the mouth and is anterior to the deep process of the
submandibular gland.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Structure of Submandibular glands

A

Submandibular glands have a mixture of mucous and
serous acini.
Secrete a mixture of buffers, glycoproteins (mucins) and
salivary amylase
Submandibular ducts (Whartons ducts) open on either side
of the lingual frenelum immediately posterior to the teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Composition of saliva

A

Salivary glands produce about 1.5 liters of saliva
daily
– 99% water
– 0.6 % electrolytes (Na, Cl, HCO 3 Buffers, glycoproteins, antibodies and waste products).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Function of salivary amylase

A

Salivary amylase (ptyalin) begins to break down
starch (inactivated in the stomach)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Function of Salivary lipase:

A

begins fat digestion, but has
minimal effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Function of Glycoproteins (Mucins)

A

to lubricate the food for easier swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Function of Lysozyme

A

Lysozyme to kill bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Percentage of secretion of each gland

A

70% of saliva originate in the submandibular
salivary gland
– 25% parotid
– Remaining in the sublingual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does saliva do in the mouth

A

Continuous level of saliva flushes oral surfaces
keeping clean
Prevent build upon of acids and bacterial action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

pH of buffer in mouth

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What controls oral bacteria (stress, radiation etc causes reduction and explosion of bacteria in oral cavity)

A

Antibodies IgA and Lysozyme which c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Control of salivary secretion

A

Autonomic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the secretion glands innervated by

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Function of the villus

A

Blood supply in the villus which absorb the end products of digestion from the epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Parasympathetic is stimulated by

A

trigeminal nerve or taste buds innervated by cranial nerve VII,
IX, X.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Function of Parasympathetic stimulation

A

speeds up secretion (feed and breed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Pharynx

A

Nasopharynx
– Oropharynx: Transmits food normally
– Laryngopharynx: Transmits food normally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Esophagus

A

Transports food from pharynx to stomach
– Passes through esophageal hiatus (opening)
of diaphragm and ends at stomach
* Hiatal hernia
– Sphincters
* Upper
* Lower

27
Q

Structure of the colon

A
  • The lumen of the colon
  • The mucus producing goblet cells
  • Muscular walls to maintain peristalsis
28
Q

Increase surface area of the Gut lumen

A

The inner intestine wall is folded which increases the available surface area by three times.
The villi are finger like projections into the lumen of the gut. These increase the available surface area by ten times.
Microvilli increases further

29
Q

Function of the lacteals

A

The lacteals (green) that receive the lipoproteins before
transporting them to the circulatory system.

30
Q

Function of the muscular walls

A

Muscular walls that maintain the movement of chyme by
peristalsis.

31
Q

How does microvilli increase surface area

A

The cell membrane of the epithelial cells is folded into
microvilli. This increases the available surface area still
further

32
Q

Histology of stomach

A

Layers
– Serosa or visceral peritoneum: Outermost
– Muscularis: Three layers
* Outer longitudinal
* Middle circular
* Inner oblique
– Submucosa
– Mucosa
* Rugae: Folds in stomach when empty
* Gastric pits: Openings for gastric glands
– Contain cells
* Surface mucous: Mucus
* Mucous neck: Mucus
* Parietal: Hydrochloric acid and
intrinsic factor
* Chief: Pepsinogen
* Endocrine: Regulatory hormones

33
Q

Modifications of the small intestine

A

Circular folds or plicae circulares, villi, lacteal, microvilli

34
Q

What are the types of cells of mucosa

A

Absorptive, goblet, granular, endocrine

35
Q

What are the secretions of the small intestine

A
  • Mucus
    – Protects against digestive enzymes and stomach acids
  • Digestive enzymes
    – Disaccharidases: Break down disaccharides to monosaccharides
    – Peptidases: Hydrolyze peptide bonds
    – Nucleases: Break down nucleic acids
  • Duodenal glands
    – Stimulated by vagus nerve, secretin, chemical or tactile irritation of duodenal mucosa
36
Q

Lobes of the liver

A

Major: Left and right
Minor: Caudate and quadrate

37
Q

Ducts of the Liver

A

Common hepatic

Cystic
From gallbladder

Common bile
Joins pancreatic duct at
hepatopancreatic ampulla

38
Q

Functions of the Liver

A

Bile production
– Salts emulsify fats, contain pigments as
bilirubin

Storage
– Glycogen, fat, vitamins, copper and iron

Nutrient interconversion

Detoxification
– Hepatocytes remove ammonia and convert to urea

Phagocytosis
– Kupffer cells phagocytize worn-out and dying
red and white blood cells, some bacteria

Synthesis
– Albumins, fibrinogen, globulins, heparin,
clotting factors

39
Q

Gallbladder

A

Bile is stored and concentrated

40
Q

What is the gallbladder stimulated by

A

Stimulated by cholecystokinin and vegal stimulation

41
Q

Anatomy of the Pancreas - Endocrine

A

Pancreatic islets produce insulin and glucagon

42
Q

Anatomy of the Pancreas - Exocrine

A

Acini produce digestive enzymes

43
Q

Secretions of the pancreas

A

Pancreatic juice (exocrine)
* Trypsin
* Chymotrypsin
* Carboxypeptidase
* Pancreatic amylase
* Pancreatic lipases
* Enzymes that reduce DNA and ribonucleic acid

44
Q

Structure of Large intestine

A

Cecum
– Blind sac, vermiform appendix attached

Colon
– Ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

Rectum
– Straight muscular tube

Anal canal
– Internal anal sphincter (smooth muscle)
– External anal sphincter (skeletal muscle)
– Hemorrhoids: Vein enlargement or inflammation

45
Q

Secretions of Large Intestine

A
  • Mucus provides protection
    – Parasympathetic stimulation increases rate of goblet cell secretion
  • Pumps
    – Exchange of bicarbonate ions for chloride ions
    – Exchange of sodium ions for hydrogen ions
  • Bacterial actions produce gases called flatus
46
Q

Movement in large intestine

A

Mass movements
– Common after meals

Local reflexes in enteric plexus
– Gastrocolic: Initiated by stomach
– Duodenocolic: Initiated by duodenum

Defecation reflex
– Distension of the rectal wall by feces

Defecation
– Usually accompanied by voluntary movements to expel feces through abdominal cavity pressure caused by inspiration

47
Q

YOU GOT THIS

A

💪💪💪

48
Q

DONT GIVE UP

A

❤️❤️

49
Q
A
50
Q
A
51
Q
A
52
Q
A
53
Q
A
54
Q
A
55
Q
A
56
Q
A
57
Q
A
58
Q
A
59
Q
A
60
Q
A
61
Q
A
62
Q
A
63
Q
A

MBS 217 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions