Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MBS 217 > MBS 217 Lecture 12 > Flashcards

MBS 217 Lecture 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Intermediary metabolism

A

the sum of all intracellular chemical processes by which nutritive material is converted into cellular components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anabolism:

A

Energy-requiring process where small molecules joined to form larger molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Catabolism:

A

Energy-releasing process where large molecules broken down to smaller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Essential Materials

A

Oxygen
Water

Nutrients:
vitamins
mineral ions
organic substrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cellular Metabolism

A

Includes all chemical reactions within cells. Provides energy to maintain homeostasis and perform essential functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Functions of Organic Compounds

A

Perform structural maintenance and repairs
Support growth
Produce secretions
Store nutrient reserves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Glycogen:

A

Most abundant storage carbohydrate

A branched chain of glucose molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Triglycerides:

A

Most abundant storage lipids
Primarily of fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Proteins:

A

Most abundant organic components in body

Perform many vital cellular functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

NADH how many electrons and hydrogen molecules

A

NAD+ is reduced by taking on two electrons but only one hydrogen

Vitamin B3 (green vegetables, tuna, chicken, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

FADH2 how many electrons and hydrogen molecules

A

FAD is reduced by taking on two hydrogens and two electrons

Vitamin B2 (milk, nuts, red meat, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Isomer

A

is a molecule with the same molecular formula as another molecule, but with a different chemical structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Phosphorylation

A

A biochemical process that involves the addition of phosphate to an organic compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hydride

A

hydrogen atom which has an extra electron. This means that it is a negatively charged ion, or anion. That is why Hydride ion (H-) has the minus sign distinguishing it from a regular Hydrogen atom (H).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Glycolysis is also called

A

Embden-Myerhof Pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hexokinase:

A

muscle and other tissues

17
Q

Glucokinase:

A

liver

18
Q

What does glycolysis mean?

A

“splitting sugar”

Takes place in the presence or absence of oxygen

Takes place in the cytosol of cells

19
Q

Splitting in glycolysis

A

glucose (6 C sugar) is split into two molecules of the 3 C sugar pyruvate

20
Q

Glycolysis Factors

A

Glucose molecules
Cytoplasmic enzymes
ATP and ADP
Inorganic phosphates
NAD (coenzyme)

21
Q

Products of Glycolysis

A
  • 2 pyruvate
  • 2 ATP (net production)
  • 2 NADH
22
Q

Phases of glycolysis

A

Input of ATP (sugar activation)
Sugar cleavage (fructose 1,6-biphosphate)
NADH production
ATP and pyruvic acid production

23
Q

Glycolysis Requires Enzymes

A

Kinases – hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, phosphoglycerokinase, pyruvate kinase

Mutases – phosphoglyceromutase

Dehydrogenases – triose phosphate dehydrogenase (also called glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase)

Isomerases – phosphoglucoisomerase (also called phosphohexose isomerase), triose phosphate isomerase

Enolase

Aldolase

24
Q

Pyruvate can be further processed

A

anaerobically or aerobically

25
Q

pyruvate anaerobically

A

lactate

26
Q

Pyruvate aerobically

A

completely oxidized to CO2, and H2O generating much more ATP (through the citric acid cycle and electron-transport chain)

27
Q

lactate is constantly produced from pyruvate via the enzyme

A

lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in a process of fermentation during normal metabolism and exercise.

28
Q

Glycogenesis

A

Excess glucose used to form glycogen

29
Q

Lipogenesis

A

When glycogen stores filled, glucose and amino acids used to synthesize lipids

30
Q

Glycogenolysis

A

Breakdown of glycogen to glucose

31
Q

Gluconeogenesis

A

Formation of glucose from amino acids and glycerol

MBS 217 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions