May 6 - 7, 2024 Lecture Flashcards
It is the philosophy-mother and child relationship to one another and consideration of the entire family as well as the culture and socio-economic environment as framework of the patient.
Maternal and Child Health
Goals of MCH
- To ensure that every expectant and nursing mother maintains good health.
- That every child, wherever possible lives and grows up in a family unit with love and security.
- Promotion and maintenance of optimum health of the women and newborn.
Philosophy of MCH
- community centered.
- Protects the rights of all family members.
- Places importance on promotion and health.
- family centered
A framework designed
to improve the health of mothers, newborns, and
children.
The Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Health and Nutrition Strategy (MNCHN)
Target groups of MNCHN
- Pregnant women
- newborns
- children
Goals of MNCHN
- Reduce maternal mortality
- Reduce neonatal mortality
- Improve child health and nutrition.
Strategies of MNCHN
- Family Planning and Preconception Care
- Skilled Attendance at Birth
- Postpartum and Newborn Care
- Child Health and Nutrition
It is the foundation level of care, typically offered at primary healthcare facilities or clinics in rural or remote areas.
Basic Emergency Obstetrics and Newborn Care (BEMONC)
BeMONC
Basic Emergency Obstetrics and Newborn Care
BeMONC SIGNAL FUNCTIONS
- Administer parenteral antibiotics to prevent or treat infections.
- Administer uterotonic drugs administering oxytocin to prevent postpartum hemorrhage (excessive bleeding after childbirth)
- Administer Parenteral Anticonvulsants (e.g., Magnesium Sulfate) to Manage Eclampsia and Preeclampsia
- Perform Manual Removal of the Placenta (Afterbirth)
- Remove Retained Products of Conception
- Perform Assisted Vaginal Delivery
- Perform Basic Neonatal Resuscitation
It is a tertiary level regional hospital, provincial hospital, upgraded district hospital, or
medical center.
Comprehensive Emergency Obstetrics and Newborn
Care (CeMONC)
CeMONC
Comprehensive Emergency Obstetrics and Newborn
Care
Services defined by CEmONC
- Surgery, including Cesarean Section
- Blood Transfusion
The Role of Maternal and Child Care Providers
- Caregiver
- Client Advocate
- Educator
- Leader
- Researcher
Essential Health Services Available in the Health Care
Facilities
- Antenatal Registration/ Prenatal Care
- Tetanus Toxoid Immunization
- Micronutrient Supplementation
- Clean & Safe Deliveries
When is Vit A given?
Vitamin A: 1000IU, given a week starting on the 4th month of pregnancy
When is Iron given?
Iron 60mg/400ug tablet daily
Career Options in Maternal and Child Nursing
- Clinical nurse specialists
- Case Manager
- Nurse practitioners
- Doctor of nursing practice programs
- Women’s health nurse practitioner
- Pediatric Nurse Practitioner
- Neonatal Nurse Practitioner
- Family Nurse Practitioner
- Certified Nurse-Midwife
It is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by
persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity and
impulsivity that significantly impact daily functioning.
ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD)
It is one of the most common behavioral disorders
affecting children and symptoms often persist into
adolescence and adulthood.
ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD)
ADHD is characterized by persistent patterns of:
- Inattention
- Hyperactivity
- Impulsivity
When does ADHD tends to peak?
During childhood and
adolescence.
Predisposing factors of ADHD
- Premature delivery
- Low birth weight
- Brain injury
- Genetic factors
- Neurobiological factors
Precipitating factors of ADHD
- Maternal drug use, alcohol use, or smoking during pregnancy
- Exposure to environmental toxins
- Exposure to organophosphate pesticides
- Food dyes and preservatives
- Stressful life events
- Academic or social pressure
- Lack of structure or routine
3 symptoms of inattention for children:
- Often loses things necessary for tasks and activities.
- Often easily distracted
- Often has trouble holding attention on tasks or play activities.
3 symptoms of Hyperactivity and Impulsivity for children:
- Often talks excessively.
- Often interrupts or intrudes on others
- Often has trouble waiting their turn.
Related Signs for children with ADHD
○ Acts rashly without thinking about consequences.
○ Difficulty inhibiting or delaying responses.
3 Executive Functioning Challenges in a child with ADHD
● Poor planning and problem-solving skills.
● Trouble initiating tasks or projects.
● Often procrastinates on tasks with deadlines.
3 Emotional Dysregulation in a child with ADHD
● Easily frustrated or overwhelmed.
● Mood swings or emotional outbursts.
● Difficulty regulating emotions and reactions.
Medical management for ADHD
● Behavioral psychotherapy
● Psychosocial interventions
● cognitive therapy
Pharmacologic Therapy Medication for ADHD
● Stimulants (methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine)
● Atomoxetine
● Modafinil (Provigil)
3 Nursing management for ADHD
● Implement appropriate memory retraining techniques
● Encourage ventilation of feelings
● Monitor client’s behavior
It is a complex disorder which is not diagnosed medically but by behavioral observation and screening.
Autism
3 Characteristics of a person with autism
- Socially awkward
- Makes very little eye contact
- Has aversion for physical contacts
2 Main features of Autism
- Impaired social interaction and verbal and non-verbal
communication - Repetitive or stereotyped behavior (e.g. echolalia)
It is the repetition of phrases and noises that people hear.
Echolalia
At what age does symptoms of autism begin?
Symptoms gradually begin after the age of six months, become established by age two or three years, and tend to continue through adulthood, although often in more muted form.
Medical management of autism
- Prescription of antipsychotic drugs, anxiolytics, and anticonvulsant drugs.
- Management of the symptoms as well as repetitive
behavior that may harm the child. - Diet modification
Who are at Risk for STDs?
🠞 Teenagers and young adults
🠞By age 25, half of sexually active adults get an STD.
🠞 People having multiple sex partners
🠞 Men who have sex with men, including syphilis and LGV.
Type OF STDs
- Crabs (Pubic Lice)
- Genital Warts (HPV)
- The Clap (Gonorrhea)
- Syphilis
- Chlamydia
- Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
- Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2
- Hepatitis B
- HIV/ AIDS
- Trichomoniasis
- Chancroid
- LGV (Lymphogranuloma Venereum)
It is the common term for lice that set up shop in pubic hair.
Crab
Transmission of crab pubic lice
close contact
Treatment of crab
over-the-counter lotions
Symptoms of crab
- Intense itching
- Tiny eggs attached to pubic
hair - Crawling lice
The virus family that causes genital warts.
Human papillomavirus
Other HPV may lead to
cervical or anal cancer
Signs of Genital Warts (HPV)
Often there are no symptoms - - Pink or flesh-colored warts that are
a. raised
b. flat or shaped like cauliflower.
An STD that spreads easily and can lead to
infertility in both men and women, if untreated.
The Clap (Gonorrhea)
Antibiotics for gonorrhea
- Cephalosporins
- Ceftriaxone (IV)
- Cephalosporin w/ Azithromycin (PO)
Symptoms for gonorrhea
Common symptoms are burning during urination and discharge, but often there are no early symptoms.
In gonorrhea, what does the injection cause?
the infection may cause skin rashes or spread to the joints and blood.
Symptoms in men for gonorrhea
- Discharge from the penis
- Swollen testicles
Symptoms in women for gonorrhea
- Vaginal discharge
- pelvic pain
- spotting
- Symptoms may be mild and are easily confused with a
urinary tract or vaginal infection.
Antibiotic for syphilis
- Benzathine penicillin injection
- Doxycycline (Contraindicated in pregnant women)
- Ceftriaxone
- Azithromycin