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MCN 109 > April 29-30 Lecture > Flashcards

April 29-30 Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Wide array of procedures designed to overcome infertility and assist individuals and couples in conceiving a child.

A

Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART)

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2
Q

Eggs are fertilized outside the body and then implanted into the uterus.

A

In vitro fertilization (IVF)

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3
Q

Steps in IVF

A
  1. Ovarian Stimulation
  2. Egg Retrieval
  3. Fertilization
  4. Embryo Culture
  5. Embryo Transfer
  6. Pregnancy Test
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4
Q

ICSI

A

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection

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5
Q

Ethical and societal considerations surrounding IVF

A
  • number of embryos to transfer
  • fate of unused embryos
  • access to treatment
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6
Q

Injecting a single sperm directly into an egg to facilitate fertilization.

A

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

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7
Q

Aprocedure that treats infertility of male clients.

A

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

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8
Q

What are the risks of ICSI?

A
  • Damage to some or all of the eggs during needle penetration.
  • An egg doesn’t fertilize after the sperm injection.
  • An embryo stops developing in the lab or after embryo transfer.
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9
Q

Congenital conditions associated with ICSI.

A
  • Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
  • Autism
  • Hypospadias
  • Angelman Syndrome
  • Disorders of sex differentiation
  • Intellectual abilities
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10
Q

ICSI is often questioned for its involvement in?

A

cloning

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11
Q

A woman who carries a pregnancy and delivers a child on behalf of another individual or couple

A

Surrogate

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12
Q

Surrogate is also known as?

A

The “intended” or “commissioning” parents.

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13
Q

The term “surrogate” originates from Latin word?

A

“Subrogare,” meaning “to substitute”

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14
Q

2 forms of surrogacy

A

Commercial or Altruistic.

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15
Q

A surrogacy that is paid

A

commercial surrogacy

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16
Q

A surrogacy where the surrogate does not receive any compensation beyond reimbursements for medical and pregnancy-related expenses.

A

Altruistic surrogacy

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17
Q

2 Types of Surrogacy

A
  • Traditional (genetic/partial/straight) surrogacy
  • Gestational surrogacy (host/full surrogacy)
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18
Q

The result of artificial insemination of the surrogate mother with the intended father’s sperm, making her a genetic parent along with the intended father.

A

Traditional (genetic/partial/straight) surrogacy

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19
Q

An embryo from the intended parents or from a donated oocyte or sperm is transferred to the surrogate uterus.

A

Gestational surrogacy (host/full surrogacy)

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20
Q

Risks associated with surrogacy

A
  • obstetrics complication
  • multiple order pregnancy- the most common
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21
Q

Pregnancy, birth, and the postpartum period complications with surrogacy

A
  • preeclampsia and eclampsia
  • urinary tract infections
  • stress incontinence
  • gestational diabetes
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22
Q

Rare complications with surrogacy

A
  • amniotic fluid embolism
  • possibility of postpartum hemorrhage
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23
Q

What are the prime ethical concerns raised with surrogacy

A
  • exploitation
  • commodification
  • and/or coercion when women are paid to be pregnant and deliver babies
  • power differentials between intended parents and surrogates
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24
Q

term sometimes used due to the economic agents engaged in the practice

A

Womb commodification

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25
Q

A woman donates her eggs to another woman to help her conceive a child

A

Egg Donation

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26
Q

Process of Egg donation

A
  1. Screening
  2. Synchronization
  3. Ovarian Stimulation
  4. Monitoring
  5. Egg Retrieval
  6. Fertilization
  7. Embryo Transfer
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27
Q

Ethical Legal Concerns in ART

A
  • Informed Consent
  • Compensation
  • Autonomy and Choice
  • Health and Safety
  • Genetic Connection
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28
Q

GIFT

A

Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer

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29
Q

ZIFT

A

Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer

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30
Q

eggs and sperm are placed directly into the fallopian tubes

A

Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT)

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31
Q

a fertilized egg (zygote) is placed into the fallopian tube.

A

Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT)

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32
Q

It is viewed as another possibility when a couple or an individual wishes to have a child but is sub-fertile, the woman is unable to conceive, or the couple has some other reason not to engage in childbirth.

A

Alternatives to childbirth

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33
Q

Other options in childbirth

A
  • surrogacy
  • adoption
  • child-free living
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34
Q

when a couple does not wish to carry the pregnancy themselves when pregnancy is impossible

A

Surrogacy arrangement

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35
Q

a woman who agrees to carry a pregnancy to term for a sub fertile couple

A

Surrogate Mother

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36
Q

A gestational surrogate is called

A

birth mother

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37
Q

What are the main indications for surrogacy

A

● the absence of the uterus
● uterine abnormalities
● medical conditions for which pregnancy is contraindicated
● single males or same-sex male couples

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38
Q

What are the criteria to help a mother choose the ideal surrogate

A

● Women who are at least 21 years old but not older than 35 years old
● Women who have experienced at least one safe birth
● Women who have passed a psychological examination conducted by a mental health expert
● Women who signed a contract outlining their obligations during the pregnancy

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39
Q

5 advantages of surrogacy

A

● Surrogacy allows for genetic connections
● Surrogacy creates relationships
● Surrogacy allows those facing infertility
● Surrogacy allows intended parents to raise a child from birth
● Surrogacy completes families

40
Q

Legal Issues in surrogacy

A
  1. Regulatory Frameworks
  2. Parentage and Legal Parental Rights
  3. Contractual Agreements
  4. International Surrogacy and Cross-border Legal Issues
41
Q

4 types of Internationa Surrogacy and Cross-border legal issues

A

A. Legal Variability Laws
B. Citizenship and Immigration
C. Legal Recognition of Parental Rights
D. Enforcement of Surrogacy Agreements

42
Q

a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person’s biological or legal parent or parents.

A

Adoption

43
Q

Forms of adoption

A
  • Open adoption
  • Closed adoption
44
Q

An adoption where it allows identifying information to be communicated between adoptive and biological parents

A

Open adoption

45
Q

An adoption that seals all identifying information, maintaining it as secret and preventing disclosure of the adoptive parents, biological kin’s, and adoptees’ identities.

A

Closed adoption

46
Q

An adoption where the birth parent(s) select the adoptive parent(s), similar to private adoptions.

A

Identified Adoption

47
Q

An adoption that rather than the birth mother selecting the adoptive family directly, the child is placed with the agency, which then identifies and selects the suitable adoptive parent(s).

A

Agency Adoption

48
Q

It refers to the adoption of a child by parents from a country other than their own.

A

International Adoption

49
Q

An adoption that involve using an unlicensed intermediary to connect the birth parents) and the adoptive parents).

A

Facilitated Adoption

50
Q

when a child who has been placed in foster care is adopted, usually by their foster parents).

A

Foster Adoption (foster care adoptions)

51
Q

also known as the “Domestic Adoption Act of 1998”

A

Republic Act No. 8552, The Domestic Adoption Act of 1998

52
Q

This law provides the legal procedures and requirements for domestic adoption in the Philippines.

A

Republic Act No. 8552, The Domestic Adoption Act of 1998

53
Q

AN ACT REQUIRING CERTIFICATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT (DSWD)

A

RA 9253 or the Child Legally Available for Adoption Law

54
Q

INTERCOUNTRY ADOPTION ACT OF 1995

A

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8043

55
Q

Also known as the “Domestic Administrative Adoption and Alternative Child Care Act”

A

Republic Act No. 11642

56
Q

This act aims to strengthen alternative child care by providing an administrative process for domestic adoption and reorganizing the Inter-Country Adoption Board (ICAB) into the National Authority for Child Care (NACC).

A

Republic Act No. 11642 “Domestic Administrative Adoption and Alternative Child Care Act”

57
Q

CDCLAA

A

Certificate Declaring a Child Legally Available for Adoption

58
Q

PAPs

A

Prospective Adoptive Parents

59
Q

Ethical considerations in adoption

A
  1. Child’s Best Interest
  2. Voluntary Consent
  3. Transparency and Information
  4. Avoiding Exploitation and Trafficking
  5. Equitable Access to Adoption Services
  6. Legal Frameworks and Oversight
  7. Equitable Access
  8. Long-Term Impact
60
Q

Effects of Adoption

A
  1. Impact on the Adopted Child
  2. Impact on Birth Parents
  3. Impact on Adoptive Families
  4. Societal and Cultural Factors
61
Q

Another option available to both fertile and sub fertile couples.

A

Child-free living

62
Q

also called being child-free

A

Voluntary childlessness

63
Q

Reasons For Choosing A Child-Free Living

A

● Financial stability
● Emotional stability
● Physically cannot have kids
● History of family illnesses
● Couples just don’t want kids

64
Q

Other term for domestic abuse

A

“domestic violence” or “intimate partner violence”

65
Q

Forms of abuse

A

physical
sexual
emotional
economic
psychological actions

66
Q

Three phases of the cycle of violence

A
  1. tension-building
  2. acute violence
  3. “honeymoon” or tranquil, loving phase
67
Q

This law provides protection and remedies for victims of violence, particularly women and children, within the family or intimate relationships.

A

“Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004” (Republic Act No. 9262)

68
Q

Republic Act No. 9710

A

Magna Carta of Women

69
Q

This penalizes acts such as physical injury, sexual assault, and psychological abuse.

A

Revise Penal Code - Act 3815

70
Q

This law defines and penalizes rape

A

Republic Act No. 8353, or the Anti-Rape Law of 1997

71
Q

This law prohibits sexual harassment in the workplace and educational or training institutions, protecting women against sexual violence and harassment in various settings.

A

Republic Act No. 7877, or the Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995

72
Q

It provides immediate protection for victims while they seek legal remedies in court.

A

The Barangay Protection Order (BPO)

73
Q

Manifestations of Domestic Violence

A
  • Physical Abuse
  • Sexual Abuse
  • Emotional/Psychological Abuse
  • Economic Abuse
  • Social Isolation
74
Q

Signs and characteristics of domestic violence

A
  • Physical Injuries
  • Emotional Distress
  • Isolation and Control
  • Financial Dependence
  • Fear and Intimidation
75
Q

What can nurses do in domestic violence victim?

A
  1. Assessment and Triage
  2. First Aid Treatment
  3. Safety Assessment
  4. Psychosocial Support
  5. Documentation
  6. Referrals and Resources
76
Q

3 types of counseling

A
  • Individual Counseling
  • Group Counseling
  • Family Counseling
77
Q

Ways to recover during domestic violence

A
  1. Counseling and Emotional Support
  2. Safety Planning
  3. Legal Support
  4. Medical Care and Health Education
  5. Safe Housing and Financial Assistance
  6. Education and Skill-building
78
Q

Therapies for domestic violence victims

A
  1. Trauma-Informed Therapy
  2. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
  3. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
  4. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
  5. Mindfulness-Based Therapy
  6. Art therapy
  7. Narrative Therapy
  8. Group Therapy
79
Q

Forms and Types of Sexual Harassment

A
  • Physical Conduct
  • Verbal conduct
  • Visual conduct
80
Q

Two types of Sexual Harassment

A
  1. quid pro quo (an equal exchange)
  2. hostile work environment
81
Q

An Act Defining Violence Against Women and Their Children, Providing for Protective Measures for Victims

A

Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004

82
Q

This law defines sexual harassment as any unwelcome sexual advance, request for sexual favors, or other verbal or physical behavior of a sexual nature made by a person having authority, influence, or moral ascendancy over another.

A

Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995 (Republic Act No. 7877)

83
Q

Who are the persons protected by R.A. 9262?

A
  • Wife
  • Former Wife
  • A woman with whom the offender has or had sexual relations with
  • A woman with whom the offender has a common child with
  • The legitimate or illegitimate child of the woman within or without the family abode
84
Q

Who may file a Petition for Protection Orders in VAWC?

A
  • The offended party
  • The parents or guardians of the offended party
  • The ascendants, descendants or collateral relatives within the fourth civil degree of consanguinity or affinity
  • Officers or social workers of the DSWD or social workers of local government units (LGUs)
  • Police officers, preferably those in charge of women and children’s desks
  • Punong Barangay or Barangay Kagawad
  • Lawyer, counselor, therapist or healthcare provider of the petitioner
  • At least two (2) concerned responsible citizens of the city or municipality where the violence against women and their children occurred and who has personal knowledge of the offense committed
85
Q

Where to seek help in VAWC?

A
  • Barangay VAW Desk in your Barangay Hall
  • Provincial/City/Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office of Local Government Units
  • Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) Community-Based Services Section (CBSS)
86
Q

What are the penalties for offenders in R.A 7877?

A
  • Imprisonment of not less than one (1) month nor more than six (6) months
  • or a fine of not less than Ten Thousand Pesos (P10,000) nor more than Twenty Thousand Pesos (P20,000)
  • or both such fine and imprisonment at the discretion of the court.

Any act arising from the violation of the provisions of this Act shall prescribe in three (3) years.

87
Q

R.A. 9262 Section 26 of the Act

A

Battered woman syndrome as a defense

88
Q

A scientifically defined pattern of psychological and behavioral symptoms found in women living in battery situation as a result of cumulative abuse.

A

battered woman syndrome

89
Q

A psychological condition and describes a pattern of behavior that develops in victims of domestic violence as a result of serious long-term abuse.

A

Battered woman syndrome

90
Q

Battered woman syndrome can lead to

A
  • Learned helplessness
  • Psychological paralysis
91
Q

Characteristics of battered woman syndrome?

A
  • Takes full responsibility of the abuse
  • Finds it difficult/impossible to blame the abuser
  • Fears for her safety
  • Irrationally believes that the abuser is powerful and will hurt her if she contacts authorities and seeks help.
92
Q

Countries where surrogacy is legal

A
  • Ukraine
  • Thailand
  • Russia
  • Mexico
  • Colombia
  • Georgia
93
Q

Different alternative methods/techniques in ART

A

SET - Surrogate embryo transfer
PGD - Preimplantation genetic diagnosis

94
Q

Common complication in ART

A

Multiple pregnancies

95
Q

Complications in ART during pregnancy

A
  • Preterm delivery
  • LBW
  • CS delivery and develop complications (placenta previa, abruptio placenta, preeclampsia)

MCN 109 (5 decks)

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